{"id":4848,"date":"2025-04-14T14:49:50","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T12:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/?p=4848"},"modified":"2026-07-18T15:42:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T13:42:12","slug":"%f0%9f%87%ad%f0%9f%87%ba-1849-majus-24-a-kezcsok-mitosza-es-az-igazsag-a-magyar-szabadsagvagyrol-%f0%9f%87%a9%f0%9f%87%aa-1849-24-mai-1849-der-mythos-des-handkusses-und-die-wahrheit-ueber-die-ung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849. m\u00e1\u00adjus 24: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: 24. Mai 1849: Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Freiheitsliebe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ae17c6b82bba&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ae17c6b82bba\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"502\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-1024x502.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-4849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-1024x502.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-scaled-4x2.jpg 4w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-768x376.jpg 768w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-1536x753.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-2048x1004.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/strong> <strong>1849: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l<\/strong> \u2013 A&nbsp;meg nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt <strong>k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k<\/strong> egy el\u00adtor\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtott nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1t szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l, de <strong>Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g iga\u00adzi ere\u00adje<\/strong> vi\u00adtat\u00adhat\u00adat\u00adlan.<br><br><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/strong> <strong>1849: Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe<\/strong> \u2013 Der <strong>Hand\u00adku\u00df<\/strong>, der nie ge\u00adschah, steht sinn\u00adbild\u00adlich f\u00fcr ei\u00adne ver\u00adzerr\u00adte Er\u00adz\u00e4h\u00adlung, doch die <strong>wah\u00adre St\u00e4r\u00adke Un\u00adgarns<\/strong> bleibt unbestritten.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/strong> <strong>A&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc a&nbsp;hajt\u00adhat\u00adat\u00adlan el\u00adlen\u00e1l\u00adl\u00e1s p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1\u00adja, ame\u00adly a&nbsp;mai na\u00adpig a&nbsp;nem\u00adze\u00adti er\u0151 \u00e9s els\u00adz\u00e1nt\u00ads\u00e1g szim\u00adb\u00f3lu\u00adma.<\/strong><br><br>A c\u00e1r mass\u00adz\u00edv se\u00adg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adge n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g legy\u0151z\u00adhet\u00adte vol\u00adna a&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgo\u00adkat, mert a&nbsp;a ma\u00adgyar har\u00adco\u00adso\u00adkat \u0171z\u00adte a&nbsp;t\u00f6\u00adret\u00adlen sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1\u00adga\u00adka\u00adrat, Aus\u00adz\u00adtri\u00e1t pe\u00addig a&nbsp;ve\u00adres\u00e9g sz\u00e9\u00adl\u00e9\u00adre sod\u00adorta. Le\u00adhet, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;<strong>k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k le\u00adgen\u00add\u00e1\u00adja<\/strong> ki\u00adtal\u00e1lt, de j\u00f3l szem\u00adl\u00e9lt\u00adeti, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Bi\u00adro\u00addal\u00adom\u00adnak men\u00adnyi min\u00adden\u00adnek kel\u00adlett al\u00e1\u00advet\u00adnie ma\u00adg\u00e1t Var\u00ads\u00f3\u00adban, ho\u00adgy meg\u00adfor\u00add\u00edt\u00adsa a&nbsp;sz\u00e9l\u00adj\u00e1\u00adr\u00e1st. Az <strong>1849-t\u0151l az 1867-es kiegye\u00adz\u00e9s<\/strong>ig tar\u00adt\u00f3 ese\u00adm\u00e9\u00adny\u00adek azt mu\u00adtat\u00adj\u00e1k, ho\u00adgy<strong> Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g szu\u00adver\u00adeni\u00adt\u00e1\u00adsi t\u00f6\u00adrek\u00adv\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t <\/strong>v\u00e9\u00adg\u00fcl nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9k meg, hanem a&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgo\u00adkat k\u00e9\u00adnysze\u00adr\u00ed\u00adtet\u00adte ar\u00adra, ho\u00adgy fe\u00adlis\u00admer\u00adj\u00e9k an\u00adnak je\u00adlen\u00adt\u0151\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9t.<br><br><strong>Mir\u0151l sz\u00f3l ez a&nbsp;fel\u00adjegy\u00adz\u00e9s?<\/strong><br>A cikk Her\u00admann R\u00f3\u00adbert t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi ta\u00adnul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny\u00e1t tar\u00adtal\u00admaz\u00adza ar\u00adr\u00f3l az \u00e1l\u00adl\u00ed\u00adt\u00f3la\u00adgos je\u00adlene\u00adtr\u0151l, ame\u00adly\u00adben I. Fe\u00adrenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef cs\u00e1\u00ads\u00adz\u00e1r 1849-ben Var\u00ads\u00f3\u00adban ke\u00adzet cs\u00f3\u00adkolt I. Mi\u00adkl\u00f3s orosz c\u00e1r\u00adnak. A&nbsp;ta\u00adnul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny a&nbsp;for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adso\u00adkat elem\u00adzi, \u00e9s ki\u00admu\u00adtat\u00adja, ho\u00adgy ma\u00adgyar le\u00adgen\u00add\u00e1\u00adr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, ame\u00adly csak a&nbsp;XX. sz\u00e1z\u00adad\u00adban ke\u00adlet\u00adke\u00adzett. A&nbsp;legen\u00adda t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adti m\u0171\u00advek f\u00e9l\u00adre\u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9n ala\u00adpul, m\u00edg osz\u00adtr\u00e1k va\u00adgy orosz for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsok\u00adb\u00f3l nincs bi\u00adz\u00adony\u00ed\u00adt\u00e9k. <br>Ere\u00adde\u00adti cikk:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250414224611\/https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a> <br>(\u201eK\u00e9\u00adrem Fel\u00ads\u00e9\u00adged sz\u00ed\u00adves en\u00adge\u00addel\u00adm\u00e9t, ho\u00adgy megcs\u00f3\u00adkol\u00adhassam a&nbsp;ke\u00adz\u00e9t!\u201c)<\/em><br><br><strong>Az \u00e9n \u00e9rt\u00e9\u00adkel\u00e9\u00adsem:<br>Her\u00admann R\u00f3\u00adbert<\/strong> a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k le\u00adgen\u00add\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi\u00adleg me\u00adga\u00adlapo\u00adzatlannak tartja, amit meg\u00adgy\u0151\u00adz\u0151en bi\u00adz\u00adony\u00edt is. Meg\u00admu\u00adtat\u00adja, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnet f\u00e9l\u00adre\u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00adsen ala\u00adpul, \u00e9s k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151bb \u00f6n\u00e1l\u00adl\u00f3 \u00e9le\u00adtet \u00e9lt. M\u00f3ds\u00adze\u00adres for\u00adr\u00e1s\u00adkri\u00adti\u00adk\u00e1\u00adja al\u00adapos, \u00e9s azt mu\u00adtat\u00adja, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;ko\u00adra\u00adbeli tu\u00add\u00f3\u00ads\u00ed\u00adt\u00e1\u00adsok\u00adban nem tal\u00e1l\u00adha\u00adt\u00f3 utal\u00e1s ily\u00aden me\u00adgal\u00e1z\u00adko\u00add\u00e1s\u00adra. A&nbsp;ta\u00adnul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny j\u00f3 p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1\u00adja az apr\u00f3l\u00e9\u00adkos t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adti ku\u00adta\u00adt\u00e1s\u00adnak \u00e9s a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adzok kri\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai kezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef cs\u00e1\u00ads\u00adz\u00e1r I.Mikl\u00f3s c\u00e1r\u00adnak adott \u00e1l\u00adl\u00ed\u00adt\u00f3la\u00adgos k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k\u00adja a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adt\u00ed\u00adr\u00e1s\u00adban sz\u00e9\u00adles k\u00f6r\u00adben el\u00adter\u00adjedt t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi legen\u00adda, ame\u00adly\u00adenek apr\u00f3l\u00e9\u00adkos elem\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t Her\u00admann R\u00f3\u00adbert al\u00adapos ku\u00adta\u00adt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n k\u00e9\u00ads\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtet\u00adte el. A&nbsp;m\u0171 k\u00f6z\u00adpon\u00adti k\u00e9rd\u00e9\u00adse az, ho\u00adgy ez a&nbsp;szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus me\u00adgal\u00e1z\u00adko\u00add\u00e1\u00adsi ak\u00adtus val\u00f3\u00adban megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nt\u2011e, va\u00adgy egy k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151bb fel\u00adme\u00adr\u00fclt torz nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1n ala\u00adpul. Her\u00admann meg\u00adgy\u0151\u00adz\u0151en mu\u00adtat\u00adja be, ho\u00adgy ninc\u00adse\u00adnek meg\u00adb\u00edz\u00adha\u00adt\u00f3 ko\u00adra\u00adbeli for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsok, ame\u00adly\u00adek do\u00adku\u00admen\u00adt\u00e1ln\u00e1k a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3\u00adkot. A&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnet in\u00adk\u00e1bb egy ma\u00adgyar t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00adsz hi\u00adb\u00e1s \u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00adb\u0151l fa\u00adkadt, amit az\u00adt\u00e1n kri\u00adti\u00adk\u00e1t\u00adla\u00adnul me\u00adgis\u00adm\u00e9\u00adtelt\u00adek a&nbsp;k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151b\u00adbi munk\u00e1kban.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"851\" src=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-1024x851.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-4892\" style=\"width:274px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-1024x851.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-4x3.jpg 4w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-768x638.jpg 768w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k.jpg 1034w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A <\/strong>(ki\u00adtal\u00e1lt)<strong> k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus je\u00adlen\u00adt\u00e9\u00adse<br><\/strong>Ha a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k val\u00f3\u00adban meg\u00adt\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt vol\u00adna, an\u00adnak m\u00e9\u00adly szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus je\u00adlen\u00adt\u00e9\u00adse lett vol\u00adna. A&nbsp;19. sz\u00e1z\u00adadi mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00adkus Eu\u00adr\u00f3p\u00e1\u00adban a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k nemc\u00adsak az ud\u00adva\u00adri\u00adas\u00ads\u00e1g gesz\u00adtusa volt, hanem az al\u00e1\u00adzat, az en\u00adge\u00addel\u00admes\u00ads\u00e9g \u00e9s a&nbsp;h\u00e1\u00adla je\u00adle&nbsp;is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eb\u00adben a&nbsp;kon\u00adkr\u00e9t \u00f6ss\u00adze\u00adf\u00fcg\u00adg\u00e9s\u00adben Fe\u00adrenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef ily\u00aden cse\u00adle\u00adke\u00addet\u00adtel fe\u00adjez\u00adhet\u00adte ki h\u00e1\u00adl\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t Oros\u00adzor\u00adsz\u00e1\u00adgnak az 1848\/49-es sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1ghar\u00adc\u00adba val\u00f3 ka\u00adto\u00adnai be\u00adava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1\u00ads\u00e1\u00ad\u00e9rt. A&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgok eg\u00adzi\u00adsz\u00adten\u00adci\u00e1\u00adlis v\u00e1ls\u00e1g\u00adgal szem\u00adbes\u00fcl\u00adtek, mi\u00advel a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar for\u00adra\u00adda\u00adlom s\u00fa\u00adly\u00ado\u00adsan ves\u00adz\u00e9\u00adlyez\u00adtet\u00adte a&nbsp;Ma\u00adgyar Kir\u00e1\u00adlys\u00e1g fe\u00adlet\u00adti ural\u00admu\u00adkat. Csak 200 000 orosz ka\u00adto\u00adna k\u00f6z\u00adre\u00adm\u0171\u00adk\u00f6\u00add\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00advel le\u00adhe\u00adtett fenn\u00adtar\u00adta\u00adni az osz\u00adtr\u00e1k uralmat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A (fik\u00adt\u00edv) k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k<\/strong> <br>az orosz fennha\u00adt\u00f3s\u00e1g elis\u00adme\u00adr\u00e9\u00adse lett vol\u00adna, \u00e9s an\u00adnak beis\u00adme\u00adr\u00e9\u00adse, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Bi\u00adro\u00adda\u00adlom nem tu\u00addott vol\u00adna fenn\u00adma\u00adrad\u00adni a&nbsp;c\u00e1\u00adri mon\u00adar\u00adchia t\u00e1\u00admo\u00adga\u00adt\u00e1\u00adsa n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl. En\u00adnek azon\u00adban di\u00adplom\u00e1\u00adciai k\u00f6\u00advet\u00adkez\u00adm\u00e9\u00adny\u00adei let\u00adtek vol\u00adna, his\u00adzen Aus\u00adz\u00adtria, b\u00e1r ig\u00e9\u00adny\u00adbe vett orosz se\u00adg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adget, nem akart tar\u00adt\u00f3\u00adsan Szent\u00adp\u00e9\u00adter\u00adv\u00e1r\u00adt\u00f3l f\u00fcg\u00adge\u00adni. Egy ily\u00aden ny\u00adil\u00adv\u00e1\u00adnos beh\u00f3\u00addol\u00e1s po\u00adli\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai\u00adlag pro\u00adble\u00adma\u00adti\u00adkus lett vol\u00adna, k\u00fc\u00adl\u00f6n\u00f6s tek\u00adin\u00adtet\u00adtel az eu\u00adr\u00f3\u00adpai er\u0151\u00advis\u00adzon\u00adyo\u00adkra, mi\u00advel An\u00adglia \u00e9s Fran\u00adcia\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g szkep\u00adti\u00adciz\u00admus\u00adsal tek\u00adin\u00adtett az orosz be\u00adava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1s\u00adra K\u00f6\u00adz\u00e9p-Eu\u00adr\u00f3p\u00e1\u00adban.<br><br><strong>T\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi val\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9s a&nbsp;legen\u00adda l\u00e9\u00adtre\u00adj\u00f6t\u00adte<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann be\u00admu\u00adtat\u00adja, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adt\u00e9t csak a&nbsp;20. sz\u00e1zad ele\u00adj\u00e9n ter\u00adjesz\u00adtet\u00adt\u00e9k a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00ads\u00adzek. Hod\u00adin\u00adka An\u00adtal k\u00f6ny\u00adv\u00e9\u00adnek f\u00e9l\u00adre\u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00adse r\u00e9\u00adv\u00e9n ke\u00adr\u00fclt be a&nbsp;tu\u00addom\u00e1\u00adn\u00ady\u00ados iro\u00adda\u00adlom\u00adba. A&nbsp;k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151b\u00adbi t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00ads\u00adzek an\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl fo\u00adgadt\u00ad\u00e1k el az \u00e1l\u00adl\u00ed\u00adt\u00e1st, ho\u00adgy kri\u00adti\u00adku\u00adsan meg\u00adk\u00e9rd\u0151\u00adje\u00adlez\u00adt\u00e9k vol\u00adna. Val\u00f3\u00adj\u00e1\u00adban azon\u00adban ninc\u00adse\u00adnek osz\u00adtr\u00e1k va\u00adgy orosz for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsok, ame\u00adly\u00adek do\u00adku\u00admen\u00adt\u00e1ln\u00e1k ezt az ese\u00adtet. In\u00adk\u00e1bb \u00fagy t\u0171\u00adnik, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adva egy m\u00e1\u00adsik t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi epi\u00adz\u00f3d\u00addal fon\u00f3\u00addott \u00f6ss\u00adze: 1849 m\u00e1\u00adjus\u00e1\u00adban Bern\u00adhard Ca\u00adbo\u00adga osz\u00adtr\u00e1k t\u00e1\u00adbor\u00adnok Var\u00ads\u00f3\u00adban t\u00e9rd\u00adre esett Pas\u00adke\u00advich orosz t\u00e1\u00adbor\u00adna\u00adgy el\u0151tt, ke\u00adzet cs\u00f3\u00adkolt ne\u00adki, \u00e9s ka\u00adto\u00adnai se\u00adg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9rt k\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u00adg\u00f6tt. Ez a&nbsp;je\u00adlenet k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151b\u00adbi z\u0171r\u00adza\u00advar miatt ke\u00adr\u00fcl\u00adhe\u00adtett \u00e1t Fe\u00adrenc J\u00f3z\u00adse\u00adf\u00adre.<br><br>To\u00adv\u00e1b\u00adbi \u00e9rde\u00adkes\u00ads\u00e9g a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Bi\u00adro\u00adda\u00adlom ma\u00adgyar fel\u00adfo\u00adg\u00e1\u00adsa. A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k le\u00adgen\u00add\u00e1\u00adja egy k\u00e9s\u00adei k\u00ed\u00ads\u00e9rlet\u00adnek tek\u00adin\u00adthe\u00adt\u0151, ho\u00adgy Fe\u00adrenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef vi\u00adsel\u00adke\u00add\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t k\u00fc\u00adl\u00f6n\u00f6\u00adsen me\u00adgal\u00e1\u00adz\u00f3 sz\u00edn\u00adben t\u00fcnt\u00adess\u00e9k fel.. Ma\u00adgyar szem\u00admel n\u00e9z\u00adve a&nbsp;c\u00e1r el\u0151t\u00adti szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus t\u00e9rdel\u00e9s a&nbsp;rend\u00adk\u00ed\u00adv\u00fc\u00adli gy\u00aden\u00adge\u00ads\u00e9g ki\u00adfe\u00adje\u00adz\u0151\u00add\u00e9\u00adse \u00e9s a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc le\u00adver\u00ad\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00adnek \u00e1ra.<br><br><strong>\u00d6ss\u00adzegz\u00e9s<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann r\u00e9\u00adszle\u00adtes for\u00adr\u00e1s\u00adkri\u00adti\u00adk\u00e1\u00adval, meg\u00adgy\u0151\u00adz\u0151en c\u00e1\u00adfol\u00adja a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k le\u00adgen\u00add\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t. A&nbsp;ta\u00adnul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny be\u00admu\u00adtat\u00adja, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adzok ho\u00adgyan ke\u00adlet\u00adkez\u00adnek, \u00e9s ho\u00adgyan tud\u00adnak r\u00f6g\u00adz\u00fcl\u00adni a&nbsp;sza\u00adki\u00adro\u00adda\u00adlom\u00adban val\u00f3 is\u00adm\u00e9\u00adtelt \u00e1t\u00adv\u00e9tell\u00adel. Az 1849-es \u00e1l\u00adl\u00ed\u00adt\u00f3la\u00adgos k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1\u00adja an\u00adnak, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9n\u00ade\u00adlem nemc\u00adsak t\u00e9\u00adny\u00adek\u00adb\u0151l \u00e1ll, hanem nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1k\u00adb\u00f3l \u00e9s po\u00adli\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai \u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00adsek\u00adb\u0151l is. Ha Fe\u00adrenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef val\u00f3\u00adban ke\u00adzet cs\u00f3\u00adkolt vol\u00adna Mi\u00adkl\u00f3s\u00adnak, az p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1t\u00adlan di\u00adplom\u00e1\u00adciai beh\u00f3\u00addol\u00e1s lett vol\u00adna \u2013 de \u00e9p\u00adpen ez\u00e9rt t\u0171\u00adnik val\u00f3s\u00adz\u00ed\u00adn\u0171t\u00adlen\u00adnek a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnet. Az a&nbsp;t\u00e9\u00adny, ho\u00adgy nincs ko\u00adra\u00adbeli bi\u00adz\u00adony\u00ed\u00adt\u00e9k, egy\u00e9rtel\u00adm\u0171en jel\u00adzi, ho\u00adgy ez egy k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151bb me\u00adgal\u00adko\u00adtott legen\u00adda.<br><br><strong>Nincs legen\u00adda de:<\/strong><br><strong>A ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc \u00e9s t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi je\u00adlen\u00adt\u0151\u00ads\u00e9\u00adge<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann R\u00f3\u00adbert ta\u00adnul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adnya nemc\u00adsak a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adzok ke\u00adlet\u00adke\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t \u00e9s ter\u00adje\u00add\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t mu\u00adtat\u00adja be, hanem egy sok\u00adkal m\u00e9\u00adly\u00adebb igaz\u00ads\u00e1\u00adgot is fel\u00adt\u00e1r: orosz be\u00adava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1s n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Bi\u00adro\u00adda\u00adlom nem tud\u00adta vol\u00adna le\u00adver\u00adni a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1ghar\u00adcot 1848\/49-ben. A&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar hads\u00ade\u00adr\u00adeg har\u00adc\u00adban er\u0151s\u00adnek, stra\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgiai\u00adlag k\u00e9p\u00adzett\u00adnek \u00e9s sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00e1\u00adban ren\u00add\u00ed\u00adthetet\u00adlen\u00adnek bi\u00adz\u00adonyult. A&nbsp;fi\u00ada\u00adtal Fe\u00adrenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef cs\u00e1\u00ads\u00adz\u00e1r \u00e9s hads\u00ade\u00adr\u00ade\u00adge oly\u00adan bi\u00adz\u00adony\u00adtalan ka\u00adto\u00adnai he\u00adly\u00adzet\u00adbe ke\u00adr\u00fclt, ho\u00adgy k\u00e9\u00adny\u00adte\u00adlen volt az orosz c\u00e1r se\u00adg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9t k\u00e9rni. Az, ho\u00adgy ez meg\u00adt\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt, a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00admoz\u00adga\u00adlom ere\u00adj\u00e9\u00adnek n\u00e9\u00adma beismer\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza tal\u00e1n ki\u00adtal\u00e1lt, de a&nbsp;m\u00f6\u00adg\u00f6t\u00adte meg\u00adh\u00fa\u00adz\u00f3\u00add\u00f3 t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi val\u00f3s\u00e1g an\u00adn\u00e1l le\u00adny\u0171\u00adg\u00f6\u00adz\u0151bb: <strong>Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g Eu\u00adr\u00f3\u00adpa egy\u00adik leg\u00adhat\u00adal\u00admas\u00adabb mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t tud\u00adta an\u00adny\u00adira de\u00adsta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l\u00adni,<\/strong> ho\u00adgy csak hat\u00adal\u00admas k\u00fclf\u00ad\u00f6l\u00addi be\u00adava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1s\u00adsal tud\u00adta meg\u00admen\u00adte\u00adni ma\u00adg\u00e1t. Ez nemc\u00adsak a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar\u00ads\u00e1g els\u00adz\u00e1nt\u00ads\u00e1\u00adg\u00e1t, hanem ka\u00adto\u00adnai \u00e9s po\u00adli\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai je\u00adlen\u00adt\u0151\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9t is hang\u00ads\u00ad\u00fa\u00adly\u00adoz\u00adza. A&nbsp;k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151b\u00adbi, <strong>1867-es kiegye\u00adz\u00e9s,<\/strong> ame\u00adly a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Bi\u00adro\u00addal\u00admat Aus\u00adz\u00adtria-Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g ket\u00adt\u0151s mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00e1\u00adv\u00e1 alak\u00ed\u00adtot\u00adta, <strong>v\u00e9gs\u0151 sor\u00adon e&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar er\u0151 meg\u00adk\u00e9\u00adsett elis\u00adme\u00adr\u00e9\u00adse volt.<\/strong> A&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgok fe\u00adlis\u00admer\u00adt\u00e9k, ho\u00adgy Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1\u00adgot nem tud\u00adj\u00e1k tar\u00adt\u00f3\u00adsan el\u00adn\u00ady\u00adom\u00adni, hanem k\u00e9\u00adny\u00adte\u00adl\u00ade\u00adn\u00adek a&nbsp;ko\u00adope\u00adra\u00adt\u00edv me\u00adgol\u00add\u00e1st v\u00e1lasztani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ez a&nbsp;t\u00e9\u00adny fon\u00adtos ta\u00adnuls\u00e1g a&nbsp;mai fi\u00ada\u00adta\u00adlok sz\u00e1\u00adm\u00e1\u00adra: az em\u00adbe\u00adrek sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgya m\u00e9g az el\u00ads\u00f6pr\u0151 el\u00adlenf\u00adele\u00adket is szo\u00adron\u00adga\u00adthat\u00adja. Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g be\u00adbi\u00adz\u00adony\u00ed\u00adtot\u00adta, ho\u00adgy hi\u00e1\u00adba van sz\u00e1\u00admos h\u00e1\u00adtr\u00e1\u00adnya, van ere\u00adje kihar\u00adcol\u00adni f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az 1848\/49-es sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc nem volt hi\u00e1\u00adba\u00adval\u00f3 \u2013 me\u00adga\u00adlapoz\u00adta a&nbsp;k\u00e9\u00ads\u0151b\u00adbi ma\u00adgyar bef\u00adoly\u00e1st a&nbsp;mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00e1n be\u00adl\u00fcl, for\u00adm\u00e1l\u00adta a&nbsp;nem\u00adze\u00adti \u00f6n\u00adbi\u00adzal\u00admat. Ez azt mu\u00adtat\u00adja, ho\u00adgy a&nbsp;b\u00e1\u00adtor\u00ads\u00e1g, az els\u00adz\u00e1nt\u00ads\u00e1g \u00e9s a&nbsp;sa\u00adj\u00e1t er\u0151\u00adbe ve\u00adtett hit m\u00e9g a&nbsp;l\u00e1ts\u00adz\u00f3lag t\u00fa\u00adler\u0151\u00adben l\u00e9\u00adv\u0151 el\u00adlenf\u00adelek\u00adkel is el\u00adb\u00edr.<br><br><strong>Leg\u00adm\u00e9\u00adly\u00adebb k\u00f6s\u00adz\u00f6\u00adne\u00adte\u00admet fe\u00adje\u00adzem ki Her\u00admann R\u00f3\u00adbert pro\u00adfess\u00adzor<\/strong> \u00far\u00adnak ez\u00e9rt az \u00e9les\u00adl\u00e1\u00adt\u00e1\u00ads\u00fa ess\u00adz\u00e9\u00ad\u00e9rt, ame\u00adly szem\u00adl\u00e9\u00adle\u00adte\u00adsen mu\u00adtat\u00adja min\u00add\u00adazo\u00adknak, akik h\u0171\u00adv\u00f6s t\u00e1\u00advols\u00e1gtar\u00adt\u00e1s\u00adsal szem\u00adl\u00e9\u00adlik a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gs\u00adze\u00adre\u00adte\u00adtet, ho\u00adgy az \u00e9v\u00adsz\u00e1z\u00ada\u00addo\u00adkon \u00e1t for\u00adr\u00f3 ma\u00adgyar v\u00e9rk\u00e9nt l\u00fck\u00adtet \u2013 ren\u00add\u00ed\u00adthetet\u00adle\u00adn\u00fcl, szel\u00ed\u00add\u00ed\u00adthetet\u00adle\u00adn\u00fcl, ki nem sz\u00e1\u00adra\u00add\u00f3an. Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g so\u00adha nem ha\u00adgy\u00adta kis\u00adz\u00e1\u00adrad\u00adni ezt az \u00e9let\u00adfor\u00adr\u00e1st, hanem h\u0151s\u00adei min\u00addig sz\u00edv\u00advel \u00e9s l\u00e9\u00adlek\u00adkel t\u00e1\u00adpl\u00e1l\u00adt\u00e1k.<br><br><strong>Az ere\u00adde\u00adti ess\u00adz\u00e9 itt tal\u00e1l\u00adha\u00adt\u00f3:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250414224611\/https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a> <br>(\u201eK\u00e9\u00adrem a&nbsp;sz\u00ed\u00adves en\u00adge\u00addel\u00adm\u00fc\u00adket, ho\u00adgy cs\u00f3\u00adkol\u00adhassam Fel\u00ads\u00e9\u00adged&nbsp;kez\u00e9t!\u201c)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ae17c6b84c10&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ae17c6b84c10\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-1024x672.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-4926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-1024x672.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-4x3.jpg 4w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-1536x1008.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/strong> <strong>Der un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf bleibt ein Bei\u00adspiel f\u00fcr un\u00adbeug\u00adsa\u00admen Wi\u00adder\u00adstand, das bis heu\u00adte als Sym\u00adbol na\u00adtio\u00adna\u00adler St\u00e4r\u00adke und Ent\u00adschlos\u00adsen\u00adheit dient.<\/strong><br><br>Oh\u00adne die mas\u00adsi\u00adve Hil\u00adfe des Za\u00adren h\u00e4t\u00adte <strong>Un\u00adgarn die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger be\u00adsie\u00adgen k\u00f6n\u00adnen<\/strong>, denn der <strong>un\u00adge\u00adbro\u00adche\u00adne Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adle<\/strong> trieb die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen K\u00e4mp\u00adfer an und brach\u00adte \u00d6s\u00adter\u00adreich an den Rand der Nie\u00adder\u00adla\u00adge. Die <strong>Le\u00adgen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses<\/strong> mag fik\u00adtiv sein, doch sie ver\u00addeut\u00adlicht, wie sehr sich das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich in War\u00adschau un\u00adter\u00adwer\u00adfen mu\u00df\u00adte, um das Blatt zu wen\u00adden. Die Er\u00adeig\u00adnis\u00adse von <strong>1849 bis zum Aus\u00adgleich von 1867<\/strong> zei\u00adgen, da\u00df <strong>Un\u00adgarns Sou\u00adve\u00adr\u00e4\u00adni\u00adt\u00e4ts\u00adstre\u00adben<\/strong> letzt\u00adlich nicht ge\u00adbro\u00adchen wur\u00adde \u2013 viel\u00admehr zwang es die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger zur An\u00ader\u00adken\u00adnung sei\u00adner Be\u00addeu\u00adtung.<br><br><strong>Wor\u00adum geht es in die\u00adsen Bei\u00adtrag?<\/strong><br>Der Bei\u00adtrag ent\u00adh\u00e4lt ei\u00adne his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Un\u00adter\u00adsu\u00adchung von R\u00f3\u00adbert Her\u00admann \u00fcber die an\u00adgeb\u00adli\u00adche Sze\u00adne, in der Kai\u00adser Franz Jo\u00adseph I. dem rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Za\u00adren Ni\u00adko\u00adlaus I. im Jahr 1849&nbsp;in War\u00adschau die Hand k\u00fc\u00df\u00adte. Die Stu\u00addie ana\u00adly\u00adsiert die Quel\u00adlen\u00adla\u00adge und zeigt auf, da\u00df es sich um ei\u00adne un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Le\u00adgen\u00adde han\u00addelt, die erst im 20. Jahr\u00adhun\u00addert ent\u00adstand. Die Le\u00adgen\u00adde ba\u00adsiert auf ei\u00adner Fehl\u00adin\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adscher Wer\u00adke, w\u00e4h\u00adrend es kei\u00adne Be\u00adle\u00adge in \u00f6s\u00adter\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adschen oder rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Quel\u00adlen gibt. <br>Ori\u00adgi\u00adnal\u00adauf\u00adsatz:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250414224611\/https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a><strong><br><\/strong>(\u201eIch bit\u00adte um die Er\u00adlaub\u00adnis, Eu\u00adrer Ma\u00adjes\u00adt\u00e4t die Hand zu k\u00fcs\u00adsen!\u201c)<\/em><br><br><strong>Mei\u00adne Re\u00adzen\u00adsi\u00adon:<br>R\u00f3\u00adbert Her\u00admann <\/strong>ent\u00adlarvt \u00fcber\u00adzeu\u00adgend die Le\u00adgen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses als his\u00adto\u00adrisch un\u00adbe\u00adlegt. Er zeigt, da\u00df die Ge\u00adschich\u00adte auf ei\u00adner Fehl\u00adin\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon be\u00adruht und sich sp\u00e4\u00adter ver\u00adselb\u00adst\u00e4n\u00addig\u00adte. Sei\u00adne me\u00adtho\u00addi\u00adsche Quel\u00adlen\u00adkri\u00adtik ist gr\u00fcnd\u00adlich und be\u00adlegt, da\u00df in zeit\u00adge\u00adn\u00f6s\u00adsi\u00adschen Be\u00adrich\u00adten kei\u00adner\u00adlei Hin\u00adwei\u00adse auf ei\u00adnen sol\u00adchen Akt der Un\u00adter\u00adwer\u00adfung zu fin\u00adden sind. Die Stu\u00addie ist ein gu\u00adtes Bei\u00adspiel f\u00fcr akri\u00adbi\u00adsche Ge\u00adschichts\u00adfor\u00adschung und den kri\u00adti\u00adschen Um\u00adgang mit his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adschen Mythen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f3\u00adbert Her\u00admanns Un\u00adter\u00adsu\u00adchung zum an\u00adgeb\u00adli\u00adchen Hand\u00adku\u00df von Kai\u00adser Franz Jo\u00adseph I. ge\u00adgen\u00ad\u00fcber Zar Ni\u00adko\u00adlaus I. ist ei\u00adne akri\u00adbi\u00adsche Ana\u00adly\u00adse ei\u00adner his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adschen Le\u00adgen\u00adde, die in un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adscher Ge\u00adschichts\u00adschrei\u00adbung weit ver\u00adbrei\u00adtet ist. Die zen\u00adtra\u00adle Fra\u00adge der Ar\u00adbeit ist, ob die\u00adser sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adsche Akt der Un\u00adter\u00adwer\u00adfung tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich statt\u00adfand oder ob er auf ei\u00adner sp\u00e4\u00adter ent\u00adstan\u00adde\u00adnen, ver\u00adzerr\u00adten Er\u00adz\u00e4h\u00adlung be\u00adruht. Her\u00admann zeigt \u00fcber\u00adzeu\u00adgend, da\u00df es kei\u00adne ver\u00adl\u00e4\u00df\u00adli\u00adchen zeit\u00adge\u00adn\u00f6s\u00adsi\u00adschen Quel\u00adlen gibt, die den Hand\u00adku\u00df be\u00adle\u00adgen. Viel\u00admehr ent\u00adstand die Ge\u00adschich\u00adte aus ei\u00adner feh\u00adler\u00adhaf\u00adten In\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon ei\u00adnes un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adkers, die sich dann in sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adren Wer\u00adken un\u00adkri\u00adtisch wie\u00adder\u00adhol\u00adte.<br><br><strong>Sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adsche Be\u00addeu\u00adtung des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses<\/strong> (fik\u00adtiv)<br>W\u00e4\u00adre der Hand\u00adku\u00df tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich er\u00adfolgt, h\u00e4t\u00adte er ei\u00adne tief\u00adgrei\u00adfen\u00adde sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adsche Be\u00addeu\u00adtung ge\u00adhabt. Im mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00adschen Eu\u00adro\u00adpa des 19. Jahr\u00adhun\u00adderts war der Hand\u00adku\u00df nicht nur ei\u00adne Ges\u00adte der H\u00f6f\u00adlich\u00adkeit, son\u00addern auch ein Zei\u00adchen der De\u00admut, der Un\u00adter\u00adwer\u00adfung und des Dan\u00adkes. In die\u00adsem spe\u00adzi\u00adfi\u00adschen Kon\u00adtext h\u00e4t\u00adte Franz Jo\u00adseph mit ei\u00adnem sol\u00adchen Akt sei\u00adne Dank\u00adbar\u00adkeit f\u00fcr die mi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4\u00adri\u00adsche In\u00adter\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon Ru\u00df\u00adlands im un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Un\u00adab\u00adh\u00e4n\u00adgig\u00adkeits\u00adkrieg 1848\/49 aus\u00addr\u00fc\u00adcken k\u00f6n\u00adnen. Die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger stan\u00adden vor ei\u00adner exis\u00adten\u00adzi\u00adel\u00adlen Kri\u00adse, da die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adon ih\u00adre Herr\u00adschaft \u00fcber das K\u00f6\u00adnig\u00adreich Un\u00adgarn ernst\u00adhaft be\u00addroh\u00adte. Nur durch das Ein\u00adgrei\u00adfen von 200.000 rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Sol\u00adda\u00adten konn\u00adte die \u00f6s\u00adter\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adsche Herr\u00adschaft auf\u00adrecht\u00aderhal\u00adten werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Der (fik\u00adti\u00adve) Hand\u00adku\u00df <\/strong><br>w\u00e4\u00adre al\u00adso ei\u00adne An\u00ader\u00adken\u00adnung der rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Vor\u00admacht\u00adstel\u00adlung ge\u00adwe\u00adsen und ein Ein\u00adge\u00adst\u00e4nd\u00adnis, da\u00df das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich oh\u00adne die Un\u00adter\u00adst\u00fct\u00adzung der Za\u00adren\u00admon\u00adar\u00adchie nicht \u00fcber\u00adle\u00adbens\u00adf\u00e4\u00adhig ge\u00adwe\u00adsen w\u00e4\u00adre. Dies h\u00e4t\u00adte al\u00adler\u00addings di\u00adplo\u00adma\u00adti\u00adsche Fol\u00adgen ge\u00adhabt, da \u00d6s\u00adter\u00adreich sich zwar der rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Hil\u00adfe be\u00addien\u00adte, aber kei\u00adne dau\u00ader\u00adhaf\u00adte Ab\u00adh\u00e4n\u00adgig\u00adkeit von St. Pe\u00adters\u00adburg ein\u00adge\u00adhen woll\u00adte. Be\u00adson\u00adders in Hin\u00adblick auf die eu\u00adro\u00adp\u00e4i\u00adsche Macht\u00adba\u00adlan\u00adce w\u00e4\u00adre ein solch \u00f6f\u00adfent\u00adli\u00adcher Un\u00adter\u00adwer\u00adfungs\u00adakt po\u00adli\u00adtisch pro\u00adble\u00adma\u00adtisch ge\u00adwe\u00adsen, da Eng\u00adland und Frank\u00adreich skep\u00adtisch auf die rus\u00adsi\u00adsche Ein\u00admi\u00adschung in Mit\u00adtel\u00adeu\u00adro\u00adpa blickten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Rea\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4t und die Ent\u00adste\u00adhung der Le\u00adgen\u00adde<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann zeigt auf, da\u00df die Ge\u00adschich\u00adte vom Hand\u00adku\u00df erst An\u00adfang des 20. Jahr\u00adhun\u00adderts durch un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adker ver\u00adbrei\u00adtet wur\u00adde. Sie wur\u00adde durch ei\u00adne Fehl\u00adin\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon ei\u00adnes Bu\u00adches von An\u00adtal Hod\u00adin\u00adka in die wis\u00adsen\u00adschaft\u00adli\u00adche Li\u00adte\u00adra\u00adtur ein\u00adge\u00adf\u00fchrt. Sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adre His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adker \u00fcber\u00adnah\u00admen die Be\u00adhaup\u00adtung, oh\u00adne sie kri\u00adtisch zu hin\u00adter\u00adfra\u00adgen. Tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich gibt es je\u00addoch kei\u00adner\u00adlei \u00f6s\u00adter\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adsche oder rus\u00adsi\u00adsche Quel\u00adlen, die die\u00adsen Vor\u00adfall be\u00adle\u00adgen. Viel\u00admehr scheint sich die Er\u00adz\u00e4h\u00adlung mit ei\u00adner an\u00adde\u00adren his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adschen Epi\u00adso\u00adde ver\u00admischt zu ha\u00adben: Im Mai 1849 fiel der \u00f6s\u00adter\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adsche Ge\u00adne\u00adral Bern\u00adhard Ca\u00adbo\u00adga in War\u00adschau vor dem rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Feld\u00admar\u00adschall Pas\u00adke\u00advich auf die Knie, k\u00fc\u00df\u00adte des\u00adsen Hand und fleh\u00adte um mi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4\u00adri\u00adsche Hil\u00adfe. Die\u00adse Sze\u00adne k\u00f6nn\u00adte durch sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adre Ver\u00adwechs\u00adlun\u00adgen auf Franz Jo\u00adseph \u00fcber\u00adtra\u00adgen wor\u00adden&nbsp;sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein wei\u00adte\u00adrer in\u00adter\u00ades\u00adsan\u00adter Aspekt ist die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Wahr\u00adneh\u00admung des Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreichs. Die Le\u00adgen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses k\u00f6nn\u00adte als nach\u00adtr\u00e4g\u00adli\u00adcher Ver\u00adsuch ge\u00adse\u00adhen wer\u00adden, das Ver\u00adhal\u00adten von Franz Jo\u00adseph in ei\u00adnem be\u00adson\u00adders er\u00adnied\u00adri\u00adgen\u00adden Licht dar\u00adzu\u00adstel\u00adlen. Ein sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adscher Knie\u00adfall vor dem Za\u00adren w\u00e4\u00adre aus un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adscher Per\u00adspek\u00adti\u00adve ein Aus\u00addruck \u00e4u\u00ad\u00dfers\u00adter Schw\u00e4\u00adche und der Preis f\u00fcr die Zer\u00adschla\u00adgung des un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Frei\u00adheits\u00adkamp\u00adfes.<br><br><strong>Re\u00ads\u00fc\u00admee<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann wi\u00adder\u00adlegt mit ei\u00adner de\u00adtail\u00adlier\u00adten Quel\u00adlen\u00adkri\u00adtik \u00fcber\u00adzeu\u00adgend die Le\u00adgen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses. Die Un\u00adter\u00adsu\u00adchung zeigt, wie his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche My\u00adthen ent\u00adste\u00adhen und sich durch wie\u00adder\u00adhol\u00adte \u00dcber\u00adnah\u00admen in der Fach\u00adli\u00adte\u00adra\u00adtur ver\u00adfes\u00adti\u00adgen k\u00f6n\u00adnen. Der an\u00adgeb\u00adli\u00adche Hand\u00adku\u00df von 1849 ist ein Bei\u00adspiel da\u00adf\u00fcr, wie Ge\u00adschich\u00adte nicht nur aus Fak\u00adten, son\u00addern auch aus Nar\u00adra\u00adti\u00adven und po\u00adli\u00adti\u00adschen In\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adtio\u00adnen be\u00adsteht. H\u00e4t\u00adte Franz Jo\u00adseph tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich Ni\u00adko\u00adlaus\u2019 Hand ge\u00adk\u00fc\u00dft, w\u00e4\u00adre dies ein bei\u00adspiel\u00adlo\u00adser di\u00adplo\u00adma\u00adti\u00adscher Akt der Un\u00adter\u00adwer\u00adfung ge\u00adwe\u00adsen \u2013 aber ge\u00adra\u00adde des\u00adhalb er\u00adscheint die Ge\u00adschich\u00adte un\u00adwahr\u00adschein\u00adlich. Die Tat\u00adsa\u00adche, da\u00df es kei\u00adne zeit\u00adge\u00adn\u00f6s\u00adsi\u00adschen Be\u00adle\u00adge gibt, spricht ein\u00addeu\u00adtig da\u00adf\u00fcr, da\u00df es sich um ei\u00adne nach\u00adtr\u00e4g\u00adlich kon\u00adstru\u00adier\u00adte Le\u00adgen\u00adde han\u00addelt.<br><br><strong>Kei\u00adne Le\u00adgen\u00adde ist aber:<br>Der un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf und sei\u00adne his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Be\u00addeu\u00adtung<\/strong><br>Die Un\u00adter\u00adsu\u00adchung von R\u00f3\u00adbert Her\u00admann zeigt nicht nur die Ent\u00adste\u00adhung und Ver\u00adbrei\u00adtung his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adscher My\u00adthen, son\u00addern macht auch ei\u00adne viel tie\u00adfe\u00adre Wahr\u00adheit deut\u00adlich: Oh\u00adne die rus\u00adsi\u00adsche In\u00adter\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon h\u00e4t\u00adte das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich den un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf von 1848\/49 nicht nie\u00adder\u00adschla\u00adgen k\u00f6n\u00adnen. Die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Ar\u00admee hat\u00adte sich als kampf\u00adstark, stra\u00adte\u00adgisch ge\u00adschickt und un\u00ader\u00adsch\u00fct\u00adter\u00adlich im Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adlen er\u00adwie\u00adsen. Der jun\u00adge Kai\u00adser Franz Jo\u00adseph war mit sei\u00adner Ar\u00admee mi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4\u00adrisch in ei\u00adner so pre\u00adk\u00e4\u00adren La\u00adge, da\u00df er sich ge\u00adzwun\u00adgen sah, den rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Za\u00adren um Hil\u00adfe zu bit\u00adten. da\u00df dies ge\u00adschah, ist ein stil\u00adles Ein\u00adge\u00adst\u00e4nd\u00adnis der St\u00e4r\u00adke der un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Freiheitsbewegung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses mag fik\u00adtiv sein, aber die his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Rea\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4t da\u00adhin\u00adter ist um\u00adso be\u00adein\u00addru\u00adcken\u00adder: <strong>Un\u00adgarn war in der La\u00adge, ei\u00adne der m\u00e4ch\u00adtigs\u00adten Mon\u00adar\u00adchien Eu\u00adro\u00adpas so weit zu de\u00adsta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adsie\u00adren<\/strong>, da\u00df die\u00adse sich nur durch ei\u00adne mas\u00adsi\u00adve aus\u00adl\u00e4n\u00addi\u00adsche In\u00adter\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon ret\u00adten konn\u00adte. Dies un\u00adter\u00adstreicht nicht nur die Ent\u00adschlos\u00adsen\u00adheit der Un\u00adgarn, son\u00addern auch ih\u00adre mi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4\u00adri\u00adsche und po\u00adli\u00adti\u00adsche Be\u00addeu\u00adtung. Der sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adre <strong>Aus\u00adgleich von 1867<\/strong>, der das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich in die Dop\u00adpel\u00admon\u00adar\u00adchie \u00d6s\u00adter\u00adreich-Un\u00adgarn ver\u00adwan\u00addel\u00adte, war letzt\u00adlich ei\u00adne <strong>sp\u00e4\u00adte An\u00ader\u00adken\u00adnung die\u00adser un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen St\u00e4r\u00adke<\/strong>. Die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger hat\u00adten er\u00adkannt, da\u00df sie Un\u00adgarn nicht dau\u00ader\u00adhaft un\u00adter\u00addr\u00fc\u00adcken konn\u00adten, son\u00addern auf ei\u00adne part\u00adner\u00adschaft\u00adli\u00adche L\u00f6\u00adsung an\u00adge\u00adwie\u00adsen&nbsp;waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr die heu\u00adti\u00adge Ju\u00adgend ist die\u00adser Sach\u00adver\u00adhalt ei\u00adne wich\u00adti\u00adge Lek\u00adti\u00adon: Der Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adle ei\u00adnes Vol\u00adkes kann selbst \u00fcber\u00adm\u00e4ch\u00adti\u00adge Geg\u00adner in Be\u00addr\u00e4ng\u00adnis brin\u00adgen. Un\u00adgarn be\u00adwies, da\u00df es trotz zah\u00adlen\u00adm\u00e4\u00ad\u00dfi\u00adger Un\u00adter\u00adle\u00adgen\u00adheit die Kraft hat\u00adte, f\u00fcr sei\u00adne Un\u00adab\u00adh\u00e4n\u00adgig\u00adkeit zu k\u00e4mpfen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf von 1848\/49 war nicht um\u00adsonst \u2013 er leg\u00adte den Grund\u00adstein f\u00fcr den sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adren un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Ein\u00adflu\u00df in\u00adner\u00adhalb der Mon\u00adar\u00adchie und pr\u00e4g\u00adte das na\u00adtio\u00adna\u00adle Selbst\u00adbe\u00adwu\u00dft\u00adsein. Dies zeigt, da\u00df Mut, Ent\u00adschlos\u00adsen\u00adheit und der Glau\u00adbe an die ei\u00adge\u00adne St\u00e4r\u00adke auch ge\u00adgen schein\u00adbar \u00fcber\u00adm\u00e4ch\u00adti\u00adge Geg\u00adner Be\u00adstand ha\u00adben k\u00f6n\u00adnen.<br><br><strong>Ich m\u00f6ch\u00adte Herrn Prof. R\u00f3\u00adbert Her\u00admann<\/strong> mei\u00adnen tief emp\u00adfun\u00adde\u00adnen Dank aus\u00adspre\u00adchen f\u00fcr die\u00adsen sehr auf\u00adschlu\u00df\u00adrei\u00adchen Auf\u00adsatz, der all je\u00adnen, die der un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe nur mit k\u00fch\u00adler Di\u00adstanz be\u00adgeg\u00adnen, ein\u00addring\u00adlich vor Au\u00adgen f\u00fchrt, da\u00df sie wie hei\u00ad\u00dfes un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsches Blut durch die Jahr\u00adhun\u00adder\u00adte pul\u00adsiert \u2013 un\u00adbe\u00adirr\u00adbar, un\u00adge\u00adz\u00e4hmt, nie\u00admals ver\u00adsiegt. Un\u00adgarn hat die\u00adsen Le\u00adbens\u00adquell nie ver\u00adsie\u00adgen las\u00adsen, son\u00addern ihn stets mit dem Herz\u00adblut sei\u00adner Hel\u00adden ge\u00adn\u00e4hrt.<br><br><strong>Sein Ori\u00adgi\u00adnal\u00adauf\u00adsatz ist hier zu fin\u00adden:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250414224611\/https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a><strong><br><\/strong>(\u201eIch bit\u00adte um die Er\u00adlaub\u00adnis, Eu\u00adrer Ma\u00adjes\u00adt\u00e4t die Hand zu k\u00fcssen!\u201c)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<strong> Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g: 1848. m\u00e1r\u00adci\u00adus 15:<\/strong> \u00c9ne\u00adkem 1848-r\u00f3l \u00e9s <a href=\"https:\/\/1956-szabadsag-kiado.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">k\u00f6ny\u00advem<\/a> jel\u00adk\u00e9\u00adpes aj\u00e1n\u00add\u00e9k\u00adk\u00e9nt a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar\u00ads\u00e1\u00adgnak!<br><br>\u00c9ne\u00adkem az 1848-as ma\u00adgyar for\u00adra\u00adda\u00adlom\u00adr\u00f3l h\u00e1\u00adrom nyel\u00adven:<br><strong>Ze\u00adne<a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/moh-csi-bus-j-r-s-moh-csi-buschoo-festival-moh-csi-buschoo-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200aRo\u00adsa von Zehn\u00adle \u00far:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/magyarorsz-g-1848-as-forradalma-ungarns-revolution-1848-hungarys-revolution-of-1848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g 1848-as for\u00adra\u00addal\u00admas<\/a><br><br>A dal kom\u00adpo\u00adz\u00ed\u00adci\u00f3\u00adj\u00e1\u00adnak r\u00f6\u00advid le\u00ed\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsa:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588\">https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az 1848-as ma\u00adgyar for\u00adra\u00addal\u00admi da\u00adlom sz\u00f6\u00adve\u00adg\u00e9\u00adhez (h\u00e1\u00adrom nyel\u00adven: HU, DE, EN) k\u00e9\u00adrem:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4536\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00bb&gt; hier \u2026 <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea <strong>Un\u00adgarn: 15. M\u00e4rz 1848:<\/strong> Mein Lied zu 1848 und <a href=\"https:\/\/1956-szabadsag-kiado.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mein Buch<\/a> den Un\u00adgarn zum sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adschen Ge\u00adschenk!<br><br>Mein Lied zur un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adon 1848&nbsp;in drei Spra\u00adchen:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/moh-csi-bus-j-r-s-moh-csi-buschoo-festival-moh-csi-buschoo-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><strong>Mu\u00adsik<a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/moh-csi-bus-j-r-s-moh-csi-buschoo-festival-moh-csi-buschoo-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200aRo\u00adsa von Zehn\u00adle \u00far:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/magyarorsz-g-1848-as-forradalma-ungarns-revolution-1848-hungarys-revolution-of-1848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Un\u00adgarns Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adon 1848<\/a><br><br>Kur\u00adze Be\u00adschrei\u00adbung zur Ge\u00adstal\u00adtung des Lie\u00addes:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588\">https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lied\u00adtext (drei Spra\u00adchen: HU, DE, EN) mei\u00adnes un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adschen Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adons\u00adlie\u00addes von 1848 bit\u00adte:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4536\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00bb&gt; hier \u2026 <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/strong> P.S.: \u00cdme egy m\u00e1\u00adsik na\u00adgyon j\u00f3 n\u00e9\u00admet \u00edr\u00e1s a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/magyarnemetintezet.hu\/de\/forschung\/der-freiheitsdrang-der-ungarn-in-politik-und-alltagsleben\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ma\u00adgyarok sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00e1\u00adnak<\/a> me\u00adg\u00e9rt\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00adhez.<br><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/strong> P.S.: Hier noch ein sehr gu\u00adter deutsch-ge\u00adschrie\u00adbe\u00adner Bei\u00adtrag zum <a href=\"https:\/\/magyarnemetintezet.hu\/de\/forschung\/der-freiheitsdrang-der-ungarn-in-politik-und-alltagsleben\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ver\u00adst\u00e4nd\u00adnis des Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adlen der Un\u00adgarn<\/a>.<br><br><strong>Ro\u00adsa von Zehn\u00adle \u00far<\/strong><br>\u00d9jud\u00advar, 2025.04.14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/1956-hirek.org\/4848\">https:\/\/1956-hirek.org\/4848<\/a> <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<p>Views: 74<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \u2013 A&nbsp;meg nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k egy el\u00adtor\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtott nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1t szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l, de Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g iga\u00adzi ere\u00adje vi\u00adtat\u00adhat\u00adat\u00adlan. \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche \u2026 <a title=\"\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849. m\u00e1\u00adjus 24: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: 24. Mai 1849: Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Freiheitsliebe\" class=\"hm-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849. m\u00e1\u00adjus 24: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: 24. Mai 1849: Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe<\/span>Wei\u00adter\u00adle\u00adsen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[261,4,1580],"tags":[1373,1357,1582,997,1378,1384,188,1359,847,833,1362,1382,314,1267,1367,1365,1370,1287,68,808,1386,984,1366,1363,302,1385,1371,1383,1352,1368,1381,796,1353,1356,1355,1377,1374,1379,770,1387,827,1360,1358,1380,1364,1292,1389,1093,1390,258,1261,1375,1354,1361,1388,781,1351,949,1376,790,1369,1372],"class_list":["post-4848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-texte-zwei-de-hu","category-ungarn-hu-de","category-texte-drei-de-hu-en","tag-1373","tag-1848-as","tag-1582","tag-ajandek","tag-aufstand","tag-buch","tag-budapest","tag-dal","tag-demokracia","tag-demokratie","tag-duda","tag-dudelsack","tag-emlekezes","tag-feier","tag-felkeles","tag-forradalmarok","tag-forradalmi","tag-forradalom","tag-freiheit","tag-freiheitskampf","tag-gedenken","tag-geschenk","tag-gyasz","tag-habsburg","tag-helden","tag-heldenmut","tag-himnusz","tag-historische","tag-hosoek","tag-koenyv","tag-lied","tag-magyar","tag-marcius","tag-marcius-15","tag-martirok","tag-maertyrer","tag-maerz","tag-maerzwind","tag-musik","tag-musikstil","tag-nationalfeiertag","tag-nemzeti","tag-nepzene","tag-patriotisch","tag-pest","tag-revolution","tag-revolutionaere","tag-stilus","tag-symbol","tag-szabadsag","tag-szabadsagharc","tag-tabornok","tag-tabornokok","tag-tarogato","tag-trauer","tag-ungarisch","tag-ungarische-suchbegriffe-magyarorszag","tag-uennep","tag-volksmusik","tag-zene","tag-zenei","tag-zenekar-deutsche-suchbegriffe-ungarn"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"hybridmag-featured-image":false,"hybridmag-archive-image":false,"hybridmag-archive-image-large":false,"hybridmag-thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"RoZe-recherchiert","author_link":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/author\/roze-recherchiert"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \u2013 A&nbsp;meg nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k egy el\u00adtor\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtott nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1t szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l, de Ma\u00adgyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g iga\u00adzi ere\u00adje vitathatatlan. \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: Der My\u00adthos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die un\u00adga\u00adri\u00adsche &hellip; \ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849. m\u00e1\u00adjus 24: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00ed\u00adtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;ma\u00adgyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: 24. Mai 1849: Der My\u00adthos des&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4848"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11140,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions\/11140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}