{"id":4848,"date":"2025-04-14T14:49:50","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T12:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/?p=4848"},"modified":"2025-07-31T13:46:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:46:11","slug":"%f0%9f%87%ad%f0%9f%87%ba-1849-majus-24-a-kezcsok-mitosza-es-az-igazsag-a-magyar-szabadsagvagyrol-%f0%9f%87%a9%f0%9f%87%aa-1849-24-mai-1849-der-mythos-des-handkusses-und-die-wahrheit-ueber-die-ung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849. m\u00e1jus 24: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00edtosza \u00e9s az igazs\u00e1g a&nbsp;magyar szabads\u00e1gv\u00e1gyr\u00f3l \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: 24. Mai 1849: Der Mythos des Handkusses und die Wahrheit \u00fcber die ungarische Freiheitsliebe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a0714d5485ea&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a0714d5485ea\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"502\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-1024x502.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-4849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-1024x502.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-scaled-600x294.jpg 600w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-768x376.jpg 768w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-1536x753.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1848-beide-k-2048x1004.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/strong> <strong>1849: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00edtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l<\/strong> \u2013 A&nbsp;meg nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt <strong>k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k<\/strong> egy eltor\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtott nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1t szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l, de <strong>Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g iga\u00adzi ere\u00adje<\/strong> vitat\u00adhat\u00adat\u00adlan.<br><br><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/strong> <strong>1849: Der Mythos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die unga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe<\/strong> \u2013 Der <strong>Hand\u00adku\u00df<\/strong>, der nie geschah, steht sinn\u00adbild\u00adlich f\u00fcr eine ver\u00adzerr\u00adte Erz\u00e4h\u00adlung, doch die <strong>wah\u00adre St\u00e4r\u00adke Ungarns<\/strong> bleibt unbestritten.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/strong> <strong>A&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc a&nbsp;hajt\u00adhat\u00adat\u00adlan ellen\u00e1l\u00adl\u00e1s p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1\u00adja, ame\u00adly a&nbsp;mai napig a&nbsp;nem\u00adze\u00adti er\u0151 \u00e9s els\u00adz\u00e1nt\u00ads\u00e1g szim\u00adb\u00f3lu\u00adma.<\/strong><br><br>A c\u00e1r mass\u00adz\u00edv seg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adge n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g legy\u0151z\u00adhet\u00adte vol\u00adna a&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgo\u00adkat, mert a&nbsp;a magyar har\u00adco\u00adso\u00adkat \u0171zte a&nbsp;t\u00f6ret\u00adlen sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1\u00adga\u00adka\u00adrat, Aus\u00adz\u00adtri\u00e1t pedig a&nbsp;veres\u00e9g sz\u00e9\u00adl\u00e9\u00adre sod\u00adorta. Lehet, hogy a&nbsp;<strong>k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k legen\u00add\u00e1\u00adja<\/strong> kital\u00e1lt, de j\u00f3l szem\u00adl\u00e9lt\u00adeti, hogy a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Biro\u00addal\u00adom\u00adnak men\u00adnyi min\u00adden\u00adnek kel\u00adlett al\u00e1\u00advet\u00adnie mag\u00e1t Var\u00ads\u00f3\u00adban, hogy meg\u00adfor\u00add\u00edt\u00adsa a&nbsp;sz\u00e9l\u00adj\u00e1\u00adr\u00e1st. Az <strong>1849-t\u0151l az 1867-es kiegye\u00adz\u00e9s<\/strong>ig tar\u00adt\u00f3 ese\u00adm\u00e9\u00adny\u00adek azt mutat\u00adj\u00e1k, hogy<strong> Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g szu\u00adver\u00adeni\u00adt\u00e1\u00adsi t\u00f6rek\u00adv\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t <\/strong>v\u00e9g\u00fcl nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9k meg, hanem a&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgo\u00adkat k\u00e9nysze\u00adr\u00ed\u00adtet\u00adte arra, hogy felis\u00admer\u00adj\u00e9k annak jelen\u00adt\u0151\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9t.<br><br><strong>Mir\u0151l sz\u00f3l ez a&nbsp;fel\u00adjegy\u00adz\u00e9s?<\/strong><br>A cikk Her\u00admann R\u00f3bert t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi tanul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny\u00e1t tar\u00adtal\u00admaz\u00adza arr\u00f3l az \u00e1ll\u00ed\u00adt\u00f3la\u00adgos jelene\u00adtr\u0151l, ame\u00adly\u00adben I. Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef cs\u00e1\u00ads\u00adz\u00e1r 1849-ben Var\u00ads\u00f3\u00adban kezet cs\u00f3\u00adkolt I. Mikl\u00f3s orosz c\u00e1r\u00adnak. A&nbsp;tanul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny a&nbsp;for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adso\u00adkat elem\u00adzi, \u00e9s kimu\u00adtat\u00adja, hogy magyar legen\u00add\u00e1\u00adr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, ame\u00adly csak a&nbsp;XX. sz\u00e1z\u00adad\u00adban kelet\u00adke\u00adzett. A&nbsp;legen\u00adda t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adti m\u0171vek f\u00e9l\u00adre\u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9n ala\u00adpul, m\u00edg osz\u00adtr\u00e1k vagy orosz for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsok\u00adb\u00f3l nincs biz\u00adony\u00ed\u00adt\u00e9k. <br>Ere\u00adde\u00adti cikk:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a> <br>(\u201eK\u00e9rem Fel\u00ads\u00e9\u00adged sz\u00ed\u00adves enge\u00addel\u00adm\u00e9t, hogy megcs\u00f3\u00adkol\u00adhassam a&nbsp;kez\u00e9t!\u201c)<\/em><br><br><strong>Az \u00e9n \u00e9rt\u00e9\u00adkel\u00e9\u00adsem:<br>Her\u00admann R\u00f3bert<\/strong> a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k legen\u00add\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi\u00adleg mega\u00adlapo\u00adzatlannak tartja, amit meg\u00adgy\u0151\u00adz\u0151en biz\u00adony\u00edt is. Meg\u00admu\u00adtat\u00adja, hogy a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnet f\u00e9l\u00adre\u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00adsen ala\u00adpul, \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u00f6n\u00e1l\u00adl\u00f3 \u00e9le\u00adtet \u00e9lt. M\u00f3ds\u00adze\u00adres for\u00adr\u00e1s\u00adkri\u00adti\u00adk\u00e1\u00adja alapos, \u00e9s azt mutat\u00adja, hogy a&nbsp;kora\u00adbeli tud\u00f3\u00ads\u00ed\u00adt\u00e1\u00adsok\u00adban nem tal\u00e1l\u00adha\u00adt\u00f3 utal\u00e1s ily\u00aden megal\u00e1z\u00adko\u00add\u00e1s\u00adra. A&nbsp;tanul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny j\u00f3 p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1\u00adja az apr\u00f3l\u00e9\u00adkos t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adti kuta\u00adt\u00e1s\u00adnak \u00e9s a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi m\u00edtos\u00adzok kri\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai kezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef cs\u00e1\u00ads\u00adz\u00e1r I.Mikl\u00f3s c\u00e1r\u00adnak adott \u00e1ll\u00ed\u00adt\u00f3la\u00adgos k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k\u00adja a&nbsp;magyar t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adt\u00ed\u00adr\u00e1s\u00adban sz\u00e9\u00adles k\u00f6r\u00adben elter\u00adjedt t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi legen\u00adda, ame\u00adly\u00adenek apr\u00f3l\u00e9\u00adkos elem\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t Her\u00admann R\u00f3bert alapos kuta\u00adt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n k\u00e9s\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtet\u00adte el. A&nbsp;m\u0171 k\u00f6z\u00adpon\u00adti k\u00e9rd\u00e9\u00adse az, hogy ez a&nbsp;szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus megal\u00e1z\u00adko\u00add\u00e1\u00adsi aktus val\u00f3\u00adban megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nt\u2011e, vagy egy k\u00e9s\u0151bb fel\u00adme\u00adr\u00fclt torz nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1n ala\u00adpul. Her\u00admann meg\u00adgy\u0151\u00adz\u0151en mutat\u00adja be, hogy ninc\u00adse\u00adnek meg\u00adb\u00edz\u00adha\u00adt\u00f3 kora\u00adbeli for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsok, ame\u00adly\u00adek doku\u00admen\u00adt\u00e1ln\u00e1k a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3\u00adkot. A&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnet ink\u00e1bb egy magyar t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00adsz hib\u00e1s \u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00adb\u0151l fakadt, amit azt\u00e1n kri\u00adti\u00adk\u00e1t\u00adla\u00adnul megis\u00adm\u00e9\u00adtelt\u00adek a&nbsp;k\u00e9s\u0151b\u00adbi munk\u00e1kban.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"851\" src=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-1024x851.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-4892\" style=\"width:274px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-1024x851.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-600x498.jpg 600w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k-768x638.jpg 768w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Franz-Joseph-I-kissing-the-hand-of-Russian-Tsar-Nicholas-I-in-Warsaw-in-1849-2-k.jpg 1034w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A <\/strong>(kital\u00e1lt)<strong> k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus jelen\u00adt\u00e9\u00adse<br><\/strong>Ha a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k val\u00f3\u00adban meg\u00adt\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt vol\u00adna, annak m\u00e9ly szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus jelen\u00adt\u00e9\u00adse lett vol\u00adna. A&nbsp;19. sz\u00e1z\u00adadi mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00adkus Eur\u00f3p\u00e1\u00adban a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k nemc\u00adsak az udva\u00adri\u00adas\u00ads\u00e1g gesz\u00adtusa volt, hanem az al\u00e1\u00adzat, az enge\u00addel\u00admes\u00ads\u00e9g \u00e9s a&nbsp;h\u00e1la jele&nbsp;is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ebben a&nbsp;kon\u00adkr\u00e9t \u00f6ss\u00adze\u00adf\u00fcg\u00adg\u00e9s\u00adben Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef ily\u00aden cse\u00adle\u00adke\u00addet\u00adtel fejez\u00adhet\u00adte ki h\u00e1l\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t Oros\u00adzor\u00adsz\u00e1\u00adgnak az 1848\/49-es sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1ghar\u00adc\u00adba val\u00f3 kato\u00adnai beava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1\u00ads\u00e1\u00ad\u00e9rt. A&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgok egzi\u00adsz\u00adten\u00adci\u00e1\u00adlis v\u00e1ls\u00e1g\u00adgal szem\u00adbes\u00fcl\u00adtek, mivel a&nbsp;magyar for\u00adra\u00adda\u00adlom s\u00faly\u00ado\u00adsan ves\u00adz\u00e9\u00adlyez\u00adtet\u00adte a&nbsp;Magyar Kir\u00e1\u00adlys\u00e1g felet\u00adti ural\u00admu\u00adkat. Csak 200 000 orosz kato\u00adna k\u00f6z\u00adre\u00adm\u0171\u00adk\u00f6\u00add\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00advel lehe\u00adtett fenn\u00adtar\u00adta\u00adni az osz\u00adtr\u00e1k uralmat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A (fik\u00adt\u00edv) k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k<\/strong> <br>az orosz fennha\u00adt\u00f3s\u00e1g elis\u00adme\u00adr\u00e9\u00adse lett vol\u00adna, \u00e9s annak beis\u00adme\u00adr\u00e9\u00adse, hogy a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Biro\u00adda\u00adlom nem tudott vol\u00adna fenn\u00adma\u00adrad\u00adni a&nbsp;c\u00e1ri mon\u00adar\u00adchia t\u00e1mo\u00adga\u00adt\u00e1\u00adsa n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl. Ennek azon\u00adban diplom\u00e1\u00adciai k\u00f6vet\u00adkez\u00adm\u00e9\u00adny\u00adei let\u00adtek vol\u00adna, his\u00adzen Aus\u00adz\u00adtria, b\u00e1r ig\u00e9\u00adny\u00adbe vett orosz seg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adget, nem akart tar\u00adt\u00f3\u00adsan Szent\u00adp\u00e9\u00adter\u00adv\u00e1r\u00adt\u00f3l f\u00fcg\u00adge\u00adni. Egy ily\u00aden nyil\u00adv\u00e1\u00adnos beh\u00f3\u00addol\u00e1s poli\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai\u00adlag pro\u00adble\u00adma\u00adti\u00adkus lett vol\u00adna, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s tek\u00adin\u00adtet\u00adtel az eur\u00f3\u00adpai er\u0151\u00advis\u00adzon\u00adyo\u00adkra, mivel Anglia \u00e9s Fran\u00adcia\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g szkep\u00adti\u00adciz\u00admus\u00adsal tek\u00adin\u00adtett az orosz beava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1s\u00adra K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1\u00adban.<br><br><strong>T\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi val\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9s a&nbsp;legen\u00adda l\u00e9tre\u00adj\u00f6t\u00adte<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann bemu\u00adtat\u00adja, hogy a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adne\u00adt\u00e9t csak a&nbsp;20. sz\u00e1zad ele\u00adj\u00e9n ter\u00adjesz\u00adtet\u00adt\u00e9k a&nbsp;magyar t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00ads\u00adzek. Hod\u00adin\u00adka Antal k\u00f6ny\u00adv\u00e9\u00adnek f\u00e9l\u00adre\u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00adse r\u00e9v\u00e9n ker\u00fclt be a&nbsp;tudom\u00e1\u00adn\u00ady\u00ados iro\u00adda\u00adlom\u00adba. A&nbsp;k\u00e9s\u0151b\u00adbi t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00ads\u00adzek an\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl fogadt\u00ad\u00e1k el az \u00e1ll\u00ed\u00adt\u00e1st, hogy kri\u00adti\u00adku\u00adsan meg\u00adk\u00e9rd\u0151\u00adje\u00adlez\u00adt\u00e9k vol\u00adna. Val\u00f3\u00adj\u00e1\u00adban azon\u00adban ninc\u00adse\u00adnek osz\u00adtr\u00e1k vagy orosz for\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsok, ame\u00adly\u00adek doku\u00admen\u00adt\u00e1ln\u00e1k ezt az ese\u00adtet. Ink\u00e1bb \u00fagy t\u0171nik, hogy a&nbsp;nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adva egy m\u00e1sik t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi epi\u00adz\u00f3d\u00addal fon\u00f3\u00addott \u00f6ss\u00adze: 1849 m\u00e1jus\u00e1\u00adban Bern\u00adhard Cabo\u00adga osz\u00adtr\u00e1k t\u00e1bor\u00adnok Var\u00ads\u00f3\u00adban t\u00e9rd\u00adre esett Pas\u00adke\u00advich orosz t\u00e1bor\u00adna\u00adgy el\u0151tt, kezet cs\u00f3\u00adkolt neki, \u00e9s kato\u00adnai seg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9rt k\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u00adg\u00f6tt. Ez a&nbsp;jelenet k\u00e9s\u0151b\u00adbi z\u0171r\u00adza\u00advar miatt ker\u00fcl\u00adhe\u00adtett \u00e1t Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adse\u00adf\u00adre.<br><br>Tov\u00e1b\u00adbi \u00e9rde\u00adkes\u00ads\u00e9g a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Biro\u00adda\u00adlom magyar fel\u00adfo\u00adg\u00e1\u00adsa. A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k legen\u00add\u00e1\u00adja egy k\u00e9s\u00adei k\u00eds\u00e9rlet\u00adnek tek\u00adin\u00adthe\u00adt\u0151, hogy Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef visel\u00adke\u00add\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6\u00adsen megal\u00e1\u00adz\u00f3 sz\u00edn\u00adben t\u00fcnt\u00adess\u00e9k fel.. Magyar szem\u00admel n\u00e9z\u00adve a&nbsp;c\u00e1r el\u0151t\u00adti szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adkus t\u00e9rdel\u00e9s a&nbsp;rend\u00adk\u00ed\u00adv\u00fc\u00adli gyen\u00adge\u00ads\u00e9g kife\u00adje\u00adz\u0151\u00add\u00e9\u00adse \u00e9s a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc lever\u00ad\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00adnek \u00e1ra.<br><br><strong>\u00d6ss\u00adzegz\u00e9s<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann r\u00e9szle\u00adtes for\u00adr\u00e1s\u00adkri\u00adti\u00adk\u00e1\u00adval, meg\u00adgy\u0151\u00adz\u0151en c\u00e1fol\u00adja a&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k legen\u00add\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t. A&nbsp;tanul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adny bemu\u00adtat\u00adja, hogy a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi m\u00edtos\u00adzok hogyan kelet\u00adkez\u00adnek, \u00e9s hogyan tud\u00adnak r\u00f6g\u00adz\u00fcl\u00adni a&nbsp;sza\u00adki\u00adro\u00adda\u00adlom\u00adban val\u00f3 ism\u00e9\u00adtelt \u00e1tv\u00e9tell\u00adel. Az 1849-es \u00e1ll\u00ed\u00adt\u00f3la\u00adgos k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1\u00adja annak, hogy a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9n\u00ade\u00adlem nemc\u00adsak t\u00e9ny\u00adek\u00adb\u0151l \u00e1ll, hanem nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1k\u00adb\u00f3l \u00e9s poli\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai \u00e9rtel\u00adme\u00adz\u00e9\u00adsek\u00adb\u0151l is. Ha Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef val\u00f3\u00adban kezet cs\u00f3\u00adkolt vol\u00adna Mikl\u00f3s\u00adnak, az p\u00e9l\u00add\u00e1t\u00adlan diplom\u00e1\u00adciai beh\u00f3\u00addol\u00e1s lett vol\u00adna \u2013 de \u00e9ppen ez\u00e9rt t\u0171nik val\u00f3s\u00adz\u00ed\u00adn\u0171t\u00adlen\u00adnek a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnet. Az a&nbsp;t\u00e9ny, hogy nincs kora\u00adbeli biz\u00adony\u00ed\u00adt\u00e9k, egy\u00e9rtel\u00adm\u0171en jel\u00adzi, hogy ez egy k\u00e9s\u0151bb megal\u00adko\u00adtott legen\u00adda.<br><br><strong>Nincs legen\u00adda de:<\/strong><br><strong>A magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc \u00e9s t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi jelen\u00adt\u0151\u00ads\u00e9\u00adge<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann R\u00f3bert tanul\u00adm\u00e1\u00adnya nemc\u00adsak a&nbsp;t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi m\u00edtos\u00adzok kelet\u00adke\u00adz\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t \u00e9s ter\u00adje\u00add\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9t mutat\u00adja be, hanem egy sok\u00adkal m\u00e9ly\u00adebb igaz\u00ads\u00e1\u00adgot is fel\u00adt\u00e1r: orosz beava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1s n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Biro\u00adda\u00adlom nem tud\u00adta vol\u00adna lever\u00adni a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1ghar\u00adcot 1848\/49-ben. A&nbsp;magyar hads\u00ade\u00adr\u00adeg har\u00adc\u00adban er\u0151s\u00adnek, stra\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgiai\u00adlag k\u00e9p\u00adzett\u00adnek \u00e9s sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00e1\u00adban ren\u00add\u00ed\u00adthetet\u00adlen\u00adnek biz\u00adonyult. A&nbsp;fia\u00adtal Ferenc J\u00f3z\u00adsef cs\u00e1\u00ads\u00adz\u00e1r \u00e9s hads\u00ade\u00adr\u00ade\u00adge oly\u00adan biz\u00adony\u00adtalan kato\u00adnai hely\u00adzet\u00adbe ker\u00fclt, hogy k\u00e9ny\u00adte\u00adlen volt az orosz c\u00e1r seg\u00edt\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9t k\u00e9rni. Az, hogy ez meg\u00adt\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt, a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00admoz\u00adga\u00adlom ere\u00adj\u00e9\u00adnek n\u00e9ma beismer\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00edtos\u00adza tal\u00e1n kital\u00e1lt, de a&nbsp;m\u00f6g\u00f6t\u00adte meg\u00adh\u00fa\u00adz\u00f3\u00add\u00f3 t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9\u00adnel\u00admi val\u00f3s\u00e1g ann\u00e1l leny\u0171\u00adg\u00f6\u00adz\u0151bb: <strong>Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g Eur\u00f3\u00adpa egy\u00adik leg\u00adhat\u00adal\u00admas\u00adabb mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00e1\u00adj\u00e1t tud\u00adta anny\u00adira desta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l\u00adni,<\/strong> hogy csak hat\u00adal\u00admas k\u00fclf\u00ad\u00f6l\u00addi beava\u00adtko\u00adz\u00e1s\u00adsal tud\u00adta meg\u00admen\u00adte\u00adni mag\u00e1t. Ez nemc\u00adsak a&nbsp;magyar\u00ads\u00e1g els\u00adz\u00e1nt\u00ads\u00e1\u00adg\u00e1t, hanem kato\u00adnai \u00e9s poli\u00adti\u00adk\u00adai jelen\u00adt\u0151\u00ads\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9t is hang\u00ads\u00ad\u00fa\u00adly\u00adoz\u00adza. A&nbsp;k\u00e9s\u0151b\u00adbi, <strong>1867-es kiegye\u00adz\u00e9s,<\/strong> ame\u00adly a&nbsp;Habs\u00adburg Biro\u00addal\u00admat Aus\u00adz\u00adtria-Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g ket\u00adt\u0151s mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00e1\u00adv\u00e1 alak\u00ed\u00adtot\u00adta, <strong>v\u00e9gs\u0151 sor\u00adon e&nbsp;magyar er\u0151 meg\u00adk\u00e9\u00adsett elis\u00adme\u00adr\u00e9\u00adse volt.<\/strong> A&nbsp;Habs\u00adbur\u00adgok felis\u00admer\u00adt\u00e9k, hogy Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1\u00adgot nem tud\u00adj\u00e1k tar\u00adt\u00f3\u00adsan eln\u00ady\u00adom\u00adni, hanem k\u00e9ny\u00adte\u00adl\u00ade\u00adn\u00adek a&nbsp;koope\u00adra\u00adt\u00edv megol\u00add\u00e1st v\u00e1lasztani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ez a&nbsp;t\u00e9ny fon\u00adtos tanuls\u00e1g a&nbsp;mai fia\u00adta\u00adlok sz\u00e1\u00adm\u00e1\u00adra: az embe\u00adrek sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgya m\u00e9g az els\u00f6pr\u0151 ellenf\u00adele\u00adket is szo\u00adron\u00adga\u00adthat\u00adja. Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g bebi\u00adz\u00adony\u00ed\u00adtot\u00adta, hogy hi\u00e1\u00adba van sz\u00e1\u00admos h\u00e1tr\u00e1\u00adnya, van ere\u00adje kihar\u00adcol\u00adni f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az 1848\/49-es sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gharc nem volt hi\u00e1\u00adba\u00adval\u00f3 \u2013 mega\u00adlapoz\u00adta a&nbsp;k\u00e9s\u0151b\u00adbi magyar bef\u00adoly\u00e1st a&nbsp;mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00e1n bel\u00fcl, for\u00adm\u00e1l\u00adta a&nbsp;nem\u00adze\u00adti \u00f6nbi\u00adzal\u00admat. Ez azt mutat\u00adja, hogy a&nbsp;b\u00e1tor\u00ads\u00e1g, az els\u00adz\u00e1nt\u00ads\u00e1g \u00e9s a&nbsp;saj\u00e1t er\u0151\u00adbe vetett hit m\u00e9g a&nbsp;l\u00e1ts\u00adz\u00f3lag t\u00faler\u0151\u00adben l\u00e9v\u0151 ellenf\u00adelek\u00adkel is elb\u00edr.<br><br><strong>Leg\u00adm\u00e9\u00adly\u00adebb k\u00f6s\u00adz\u00f6\u00adne\u00adte\u00admet feje\u00adzem ki Her\u00admann R\u00f3bert pro\u00adfess\u00adzor<\/strong> \u00farnak ez\u00e9rt az \u00e9les\u00adl\u00e1\u00adt\u00e1\u00ads\u00fa ess\u00adz\u00e9\u00ad\u00e9rt, ame\u00adly szem\u00adl\u00e9\u00adle\u00adte\u00adsen mutat\u00adja min\u00add\u00adazo\u00adknak, akik h\u0171v\u00f6s t\u00e1vols\u00e1gtar\u00adt\u00e1s\u00adsal szem\u00adl\u00e9\u00adlik a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1gs\u00adze\u00adre\u00adte\u00adtet, hogy az \u00e9vsz\u00e1z\u00ada\u00addo\u00adkon \u00e1t for\u00adr\u00f3 magyar v\u00e9rk\u00e9nt l\u00fck\u00adtet \u2013 ren\u00add\u00ed\u00adthetet\u00adle\u00adn\u00fcl, szel\u00ed\u00add\u00ed\u00adthetet\u00adle\u00adn\u00fcl, ki nem sz\u00e1\u00adra\u00add\u00f3an. Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g soha nem hagy\u00adta kis\u00adz\u00e1\u00adrad\u00adni ezt az \u00e9let\u00adfor\u00adr\u00e1st, hanem h\u0151s\u00adei min\u00addig sz\u00edv\u00advel \u00e9s l\u00e9lek\u00adkel t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00adt\u00e1k.<br><br><strong>Az ere\u00adde\u00adti ess\u00adz\u00e9 itt tal\u00e1l\u00adha\u00adt\u00f3:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a> <br>(\u201eK\u00e9rem a&nbsp;sz\u00ed\u00adves enge\u00addel\u00adm\u00fc\u00adket, hogy cs\u00f3\u00adkol\u00adhassam Fel\u00ads\u00e9\u00adged&nbsp;kez\u00e9t!\u201c)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a0714d54a100&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a0714d54a100\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-1024x672.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-4926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-1024x672.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-600x394.jpg 600w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria-1536x1008.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ungarische_revolution_1848_49-Maria.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/strong> <strong>Der unga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf bleibt ein Bei\u00adspiel f\u00fcr unbeug\u00adsa\u00admen Wider\u00adstand, das bis heu\u00adte als Sym\u00adbol natio\u00adna\u00adler St\u00e4r\u00adke und Ent\u00adschlos\u00adsen\u00adheit dient.<\/strong><br><br>Ohne die mas\u00adsi\u00adve Hil\u00adfe des Zaren h\u00e4t\u00adte <strong>Ungarn die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger besie\u00adgen k\u00f6n\u00adnen<\/strong>, denn der <strong>unge\u00adbro\u00adche\u00adne Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adle<\/strong> trieb die unga\u00adri\u00adschen K\u00e4mp\u00adfer an und brach\u00adte \u00d6ster\u00adreich an den Rand der Nie\u00adder\u00adla\u00adge. Die <strong>Legen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses<\/strong> mag fik\u00adtiv sein, doch sie ver\u00addeut\u00adlicht, wie sehr sich das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich in War\u00adschau unter\u00adwer\u00adfen mu\u00df\u00adte, um das Blatt zu wen\u00adden. Die Ereig\u00adnis\u00adse von <strong>1849 bis zum Aus\u00adgleich von 1867<\/strong> zei\u00adgen, da\u00df <strong>Ungarns Sou\u00adve\u00adr\u00e4\u00adni\u00adt\u00e4ts\u00adstre\u00adben<\/strong> letzt\u00adlich nicht gebro\u00adchen wur\u00adde \u2013 viel\u00admehr zwang es die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger zur Aner\u00adken\u00adnung sei\u00adner Bedeu\u00adtung.<br><br><strong>Wor\u00adum geht es in die\u00adsen Bei\u00adtrag?<\/strong><br>Der Bei\u00adtrag ent\u00adh\u00e4lt eine his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Unter\u00adsu\u00adchung von R\u00f3bert Her\u00admann \u00fcber die angeb\u00adli\u00adche Sze\u00adne, in der Kai\u00adser Franz Joseph I. dem rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Zaren Niko\u00adlaus I. im Jahr 1849&nbsp;in War\u00adschau die Hand k\u00fc\u00df\u00adte. Die Stu\u00addie ana\u00adly\u00adsiert die Quel\u00adlen\u00adla\u00adge und zeigt auf, da\u00df es sich um eine unga\u00adri\u00adsche Legen\u00adde han\u00addelt, die erst im 20. Jahr\u00adhun\u00addert ent\u00adstand. Die Legen\u00adde basiert auf einer Fehl\u00adin\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adscher Wer\u00adke, w\u00e4h\u00adrend es kei\u00adne Bele\u00adge in \u00f6ster\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adschen oder rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Quel\u00adlen gibt. <br>Ori\u00adgi\u00adnal\u00adauf\u00adsatz:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a><strong><br><\/strong>(\u201eIch bit\u00adte um die Erlaub\u00adnis, Eurer Majes\u00adt\u00e4t die Hand zu k\u00fcs\u00adsen!\u201c)<\/em><br><br><strong>Mei\u00adne Rezen\u00adsi\u00adon:<br>R\u00f3bert Her\u00admann <\/strong>ent\u00adlarvt \u00fcber\u00adzeu\u00adgend die Legen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses als his\u00adto\u00adrisch unbe\u00adlegt. Er zeigt, da\u00df die Geschich\u00adte auf einer Fehl\u00adin\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon beruht und sich sp\u00e4\u00adter ver\u00adselb\u00adst\u00e4n\u00addig\u00adte. Sei\u00adne metho\u00addi\u00adsche Quel\u00adlen\u00adkri\u00adtik ist gr\u00fcnd\u00adlich und belegt, da\u00df in zeit\u00adge\u00adn\u00f6s\u00adsi\u00adschen Berich\u00adten kei\u00adner\u00adlei Hin\u00adwei\u00adse auf einen sol\u00adchen Akt der Unter\u00adwer\u00adfung zu fin\u00adden sind. Die Stu\u00addie ist ein gutes Bei\u00adspiel f\u00fcr akri\u00adbi\u00adsche Geschichts\u00adfor\u00adschung und den kri\u00adti\u00adschen Umgang mit his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adschen Mythen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f3bert Her\u00admanns Unter\u00adsu\u00adchung zum angeb\u00adli\u00adchen Hand\u00adku\u00df von Kai\u00adser Franz Joseph I. gegen\u00ad\u00fcber Zar Niko\u00adlaus I. ist eine akri\u00adbi\u00adsche Ana\u00adly\u00adse einer his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adschen Legen\u00adde, die in unga\u00adri\u00adscher Geschichts\u00adschrei\u00adbung weit ver\u00adbrei\u00adtet ist. Die zen\u00adtra\u00adle Fra\u00adge der Arbeit ist, ob die\u00adser sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adsche Akt der Unter\u00adwer\u00adfung tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich statt\u00adfand oder ob er auf einer sp\u00e4\u00adter ent\u00adstan\u00adde\u00adnen, ver\u00adzerr\u00adten Erz\u00e4h\u00adlung beruht. Her\u00admann zeigt \u00fcber\u00adzeu\u00adgend, da\u00df es kei\u00adne ver\u00adl\u00e4\u00df\u00adli\u00adchen zeit\u00adge\u00adn\u00f6s\u00adsi\u00adschen Quel\u00adlen gibt, die den Hand\u00adku\u00df bele\u00adgen. Viel\u00admehr ent\u00adstand die Geschich\u00adte aus einer feh\u00adler\u00adhaf\u00adten Inter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon eines unga\u00adri\u00adschen His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adkers, die sich dann in sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adren Wer\u00adken unkri\u00adtisch wie\u00adder\u00adhol\u00adte.<br><br><strong>Sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adsche Bedeu\u00adtung des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses<\/strong> (fik\u00adtiv)<br>W\u00e4re der Hand\u00adku\u00df tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich erfolgt, h\u00e4t\u00adte er eine tief\u00adgrei\u00adfen\u00adde sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adsche Bedeu\u00adtung gehabt. Im mon\u00adar\u00adchi\u00adschen Euro\u00adpa des 19. Jahr\u00adhun\u00adderts war der Hand\u00adku\u00df nicht nur eine Ges\u00adte der H\u00f6f\u00adlich\u00adkeit, son\u00addern auch ein Zei\u00adchen der Demut, der Unter\u00adwer\u00adfung und des Dan\u00adkes. In die\u00adsem spe\u00adzi\u00adfi\u00adschen Kon\u00adtext h\u00e4t\u00adte Franz Joseph mit einem sol\u00adchen Akt sei\u00adne Dank\u00adbar\u00adkeit f\u00fcr die mili\u00adt\u00e4\u00adri\u00adsche Inter\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon Ru\u00df\u00adlands im unga\u00adri\u00adschen Unab\u00adh\u00e4n\u00adgig\u00adkeits\u00adkrieg 1848\/49 aus\u00addr\u00fc\u00adcken k\u00f6n\u00adnen. Die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger stan\u00adden vor einer exis\u00adten\u00adzi\u00adel\u00adlen Kri\u00adse, da die unga\u00adri\u00adsche Revo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adon ihre Herr\u00adschaft \u00fcber das K\u00f6nig\u00adreich Ungarn ernst\u00adhaft bedroh\u00adte. Nur durch das Ein\u00adgrei\u00adfen von 200.000 rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Sol\u00adda\u00adten konn\u00adte die \u00f6ster\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adsche Herr\u00adschaft auf\u00adrecht\u00aderhal\u00adten werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Der (fik\u00adti\u00adve) Hand\u00adku\u00df <\/strong><br>w\u00e4re also eine Aner\u00adken\u00adnung der rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Vor\u00admacht\u00adstel\u00adlung gewe\u00adsen und ein Ein\u00adge\u00adst\u00e4nd\u00adnis, da\u00df das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich ohne die Unter\u00adst\u00fct\u00adzung der Zaren\u00admon\u00adar\u00adchie nicht \u00fcber\u00adle\u00adbens\u00adf\u00e4\u00adhig gewe\u00adsen w\u00e4re. Dies h\u00e4t\u00adte aller\u00addings diplo\u00adma\u00adti\u00adsche Fol\u00adgen gehabt, da \u00d6ster\u00adreich sich zwar der rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Hil\u00adfe bedien\u00adte, aber kei\u00adne dau\u00ader\u00adhaf\u00adte Abh\u00e4n\u00adgig\u00adkeit von St. Peters\u00adburg ein\u00adge\u00adhen woll\u00adte. Beson\u00adders in Hin\u00adblick auf die euro\u00adp\u00e4i\u00adsche Macht\u00adba\u00adlan\u00adce w\u00e4re ein solch \u00f6ffent\u00adli\u00adcher Unter\u00adwer\u00adfungs\u00adakt poli\u00adtisch pro\u00adble\u00adma\u00adtisch gewe\u00adsen, da Eng\u00adland und Frank\u00adreich skep\u00adtisch auf die rus\u00adsi\u00adsche Ein\u00admi\u00adschung in Mit\u00adtel\u00adeu\u00adro\u00adpa blickten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Rea\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4t und die Ent\u00adste\u00adhung der Legen\u00adde<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann zeigt auf, da\u00df die Geschich\u00adte vom Hand\u00adku\u00df erst Anfang des 20. Jahr\u00adhun\u00adderts durch unga\u00adri\u00adsche His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adker ver\u00adbrei\u00adtet wur\u00adde. Sie wur\u00adde durch eine Fehl\u00adin\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon eines Buches von Antal Hod\u00adin\u00adka in die wis\u00adsen\u00adschaft\u00adli\u00adche Lite\u00adra\u00adtur ein\u00adge\u00adf\u00fchrt. Sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adre His\u00adto\u00adri\u00adker \u00fcber\u00adnah\u00admen die Behaup\u00adtung, ohne sie kri\u00adtisch zu hin\u00adter\u00adfra\u00adgen. Tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich gibt es jedoch kei\u00adner\u00adlei \u00f6ster\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adsche oder rus\u00adsi\u00adsche Quel\u00adlen, die die\u00adsen Vor\u00adfall bele\u00adgen. Viel\u00admehr scheint sich die Erz\u00e4h\u00adlung mit einer ande\u00adren his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adschen Epi\u00adso\u00adde ver\u00admischt zu haben: Im Mai 1849 fiel der \u00f6ster\u00adrei\u00adchi\u00adsche Gene\u00adral Bern\u00adhard Cabo\u00adga in War\u00adschau vor dem rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Feld\u00admar\u00adschall Pas\u00adke\u00advich auf die Knie, k\u00fc\u00df\u00adte des\u00adsen Hand und fleh\u00adte um mili\u00adt\u00e4\u00adri\u00adsche Hil\u00adfe. Die\u00adse Sze\u00adne k\u00f6nn\u00adte durch sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adre Ver\u00adwechs\u00adlun\u00adgen auf Franz Joseph \u00fcber\u00adtra\u00adgen wor\u00adden&nbsp;sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein wei\u00adte\u00adrer inter\u00ades\u00adsan\u00adter Aspekt ist die unga\u00adri\u00adsche Wahr\u00adneh\u00admung des Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreichs. Die Legen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses k\u00f6nn\u00adte als nach\u00adtr\u00e4g\u00adli\u00adcher Ver\u00adsuch gese\u00adhen wer\u00adden, das Ver\u00adhal\u00adten von Franz Joseph in einem beson\u00adders ernied\u00adri\u00adgen\u00adden Licht dar\u00adzu\u00adstel\u00adlen. Ein sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adscher Knie\u00adfall vor dem Zaren w\u00e4re aus unga\u00adri\u00adscher Per\u00adspek\u00adti\u00adve ein Aus\u00addruck \u00e4u\u00dfers\u00adter Schw\u00e4\u00adche und der Preis f\u00fcr die Zer\u00adschla\u00adgung des unga\u00adri\u00adschen Frei\u00adheits\u00adkamp\u00adfes.<br><br><strong>Res\u00fc\u00admee<\/strong><br>Her\u00admann wider\u00adlegt mit einer detail\u00adlier\u00adten Quel\u00adlen\u00adkri\u00adtik \u00fcber\u00adzeu\u00adgend die Legen\u00adde des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses. Die Unter\u00adsu\u00adchung zeigt, wie his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Mythen ent\u00adste\u00adhen und sich durch wie\u00adder\u00adhol\u00adte \u00dcber\u00adnah\u00admen in der Fach\u00adli\u00adte\u00adra\u00adtur ver\u00adfes\u00adti\u00adgen k\u00f6n\u00adnen. Der angeb\u00adli\u00adche Hand\u00adku\u00df von 1849 ist ein Bei\u00adspiel daf\u00fcr, wie Geschich\u00adte nicht nur aus Fak\u00adten, son\u00addern auch aus Nar\u00adra\u00adti\u00adven und poli\u00adti\u00adschen Inter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adtio\u00adnen besteht. H\u00e4t\u00adte Franz Joseph tat\u00ads\u00e4ch\u00adlich Niko\u00adlaus\u2019 Hand gek\u00fc\u00dft, w\u00e4re dies ein bei\u00adspiel\u00adlo\u00adser diplo\u00adma\u00adti\u00adscher Akt der Unter\u00adwer\u00adfung gewe\u00adsen \u2013 aber gera\u00adde des\u00adhalb erscheint die Geschich\u00adte unwahr\u00adschein\u00adlich. Die Tat\u00adsa\u00adche, da\u00df es kei\u00adne zeit\u00adge\u00adn\u00f6s\u00adsi\u00adschen Bele\u00adge gibt, spricht ein\u00addeu\u00adtig daf\u00fcr, da\u00df es sich um eine nach\u00adtr\u00e4g\u00adlich kon\u00adstru\u00adier\u00adte Legen\u00adde han\u00addelt.<br><br><strong>Kei\u00adne Legen\u00adde ist aber:<br>Der unga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf und sei\u00adne his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Bedeu\u00adtung<\/strong><br>Die Unter\u00adsu\u00adchung von R\u00f3bert Her\u00admann zeigt nicht nur die Ent\u00adste\u00adhung und Ver\u00adbrei\u00adtung his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adscher Mythen, son\u00addern macht auch eine viel tie\u00adfe\u00adre Wahr\u00adheit deut\u00adlich: Ohne die rus\u00adsi\u00adsche Inter\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon h\u00e4t\u00adte das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich den unga\u00adri\u00adschen Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf von 1848\/49 nicht nie\u00adder\u00adschla\u00adgen k\u00f6n\u00adnen. Die unga\u00adri\u00adsche Armee hat\u00adte sich als kampf\u00adstark, stra\u00adte\u00adgisch geschickt und uner\u00adsch\u00fct\u00adter\u00adlich im Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adlen erwie\u00adsen. Der jun\u00adge Kai\u00adser Franz Joseph war mit sei\u00adner Armee mili\u00adt\u00e4\u00adrisch in einer so pre\u00adk\u00e4\u00adren Lage, da\u00df er sich gezwun\u00adgen sah, den rus\u00adsi\u00adschen Zaren um Hil\u00adfe zu bit\u00adten. da\u00df dies geschah, ist ein stil\u00adles Ein\u00adge\u00adst\u00e4nd\u00adnis der St\u00e4r\u00adke der unga\u00adri\u00adschen Freiheitsbewegung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Mythos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses mag fik\u00adtiv sein, aber die his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adsche Rea\u00adli\u00adt\u00e4t dahin\u00adter ist umso beein\u00addru\u00adcken\u00adder: <strong>Ungarn war in der Lage, eine der m\u00e4ch\u00adtigs\u00adten Mon\u00adar\u00adchien Euro\u00adpas so weit zu desta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adsie\u00adren<\/strong>, da\u00df die\u00adse sich nur durch eine mas\u00adsi\u00adve aus\u00adl\u00e4n\u00addi\u00adsche Inter\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon ret\u00adten konn\u00adte. Dies unter\u00adstreicht nicht nur die Ent\u00adschlos\u00adsen\u00adheit der Ungarn, son\u00addern auch ihre mili\u00adt\u00e4\u00adri\u00adsche und poli\u00adti\u00adsche Bedeu\u00adtung. Der sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adre <strong>Aus\u00adgleich von 1867<\/strong>, der das Habs\u00adbur\u00adger\u00adreich in die Dop\u00adpel\u00admon\u00adar\u00adchie \u00d6ster\u00adreich-Ungarn ver\u00adwan\u00addel\u00adte, war letzt\u00adlich eine <strong>sp\u00e4\u00adte Aner\u00adken\u00adnung die\u00adser unga\u00adri\u00adschen St\u00e4r\u00adke<\/strong>. Die Habs\u00adbur\u00adger hat\u00adten erkannt, da\u00df sie Ungarn nicht dau\u00ader\u00adhaft unter\u00addr\u00fc\u00adcken konn\u00adten, son\u00addern auf eine part\u00adner\u00adschaft\u00adli\u00adche L\u00f6sung ange\u00adwie\u00adsen&nbsp;waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr die heu\u00adti\u00adge Jugend ist die\u00adser Sach\u00adver\u00adhalt eine wich\u00adti\u00adge Lek\u00adti\u00adon: Der Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adle eines Vol\u00adkes kann selbst \u00fcber\u00adm\u00e4ch\u00adti\u00adge Geg\u00adner in Bedr\u00e4ng\u00adnis brin\u00adgen. Ungarn bewies, da\u00df es trotz zah\u00adlen\u00adm\u00e4\u00ad\u00dfi\u00adger Unter\u00adle\u00adgen\u00adheit die Kraft hat\u00adte, f\u00fcr sei\u00adne Unab\u00adh\u00e4n\u00adgig\u00adkeit zu k\u00e4mpfen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Frei\u00adheits\u00adkampf von 1848\/49 war nicht umsonst \u2013 er leg\u00adte den Grund\u00adstein f\u00fcr den sp\u00e4\u00adte\u00adren unga\u00adri\u00adschen Ein\u00adflu\u00df inner\u00adhalb der Mon\u00adar\u00adchie und pr\u00e4g\u00adte das natio\u00adna\u00adle Selbst\u00adbe\u00adwu\u00dft\u00adsein. Dies zeigt, da\u00df Mut, Ent\u00adschlos\u00adsen\u00adheit und der Glau\u00adbe an die eige\u00adne St\u00e4r\u00adke auch gegen schein\u00adbar \u00fcber\u00adm\u00e4ch\u00adti\u00adge Geg\u00adner Bestand haben k\u00f6n\u00adnen.<br><br><strong>Ich m\u00f6ch\u00adte Herrn Prof. R\u00f3bert Her\u00admann<\/strong> mei\u00adnen tief emp\u00adfun\u00adde\u00adnen Dank aus\u00adspre\u00adchen f\u00fcr die\u00adsen sehr auf\u00adschlu\u00df\u00adrei\u00adchen Auf\u00adsatz, der all jenen, die der unga\u00adri\u00adschen Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe nur mit k\u00fch\u00adler Distanz begeg\u00adnen, ein\u00addring\u00adlich vor Augen f\u00fchrt, da\u00df sie wie hei\u00ad\u00dfes unga\u00adri\u00adsches Blut durch die Jahr\u00adhun\u00adder\u00adte pul\u00adsiert \u2013 unbe\u00adirr\u00adbar, unge\u00adz\u00e4hmt, nie\u00admals ver\u00adsiegt. Ungarn hat die\u00adsen Lebens\u00adquell nie ver\u00adsie\u00adgen las\u00adsen, son\u00addern ihn stets mit dem Herz\u00adblut sei\u00adner Hel\u00adden gen\u00e4hrt.<br><br><strong>Sein Ori\u00adgi\u00adnal\u00adauf\u00adsatz ist hier zu fin\u00adden:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/118591125\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_O%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201e\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. O\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u201f<\/a><strong><br><\/strong>(\u201eIch bit\u00adte um die Erlaub\u00adnis, Eurer Majes\u00adt\u00e4t die Hand zu k\u00fcssen!\u201c)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<strong> Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g: 1848. m\u00e1r\u00adci\u00adus 15:<\/strong> \u00c9ne\u00adkem 1848-r\u00f3l \u00e9s <a href=\"https:\/\/1956-szabadsag-kiado.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">k\u00f6ny\u00advem<\/a> jel\u00adk\u00e9\u00adpes aj\u00e1n\u00add\u00e9k\u00adk\u00e9nt a&nbsp;magyar\u00ads\u00e1\u00adgnak!<br><br>\u00c9ne\u00adkem az 1848-as magyar for\u00adra\u00adda\u00adlom\u00adr\u00f3l h\u00e1rom nyel\u00adven:<br><strong>Zene<a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/moh-csi-bus-j-r-s-moh-csi-buschoo-festival-moh-csi-buschoo-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200aRosa von Zehn\u00adle \u00far:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/magyarorsz-g-1848-as-forradalma-ungarns-revolution-1848-hungarys-revolution-of-1848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g 1848-as for\u00adra\u00addal\u00admas<\/a><br><br>A dal kom\u00adpo\u00adz\u00ed\u00adci\u00f3\u00adj\u00e1\u00adnak r\u00f6vid le\u00ed\u00adr\u00e1\u00adsa:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588\">https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az 1848-as magyar for\u00adra\u00addal\u00admi dalom sz\u00f6\u00adve\u00adg\u00e9\u00adhez (h\u00e1rom nyel\u00adven: HU, DE, EN) k\u00e9rem:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4536\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00bb&gt; hier \u2026 <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea <strong>Ungarn: 15. M\u00e4rz 1848:<\/strong> Mein Lied zu 1848 und <a href=\"https:\/\/1956-szabadsag-kiado.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mein Buch<\/a> den Ungarn zum sym\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adschen Geschenk!<br><br>Mein Lied zur unga\u00adri\u00adschen Revo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adon 1848&nbsp;in drei Spra\u00adchen:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/moh-csi-bus-j-r-s-moh-csi-buschoo-festival-moh-csi-buschoo-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><strong>Musik<a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/moh-csi-bus-j-r-s-moh-csi-buschoo-festival-moh-csi-buschoo-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200aRosa von Zehn\u00adle \u00far:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/rosa-von-zehnle-ur.bandcamp.com\/album\/magyarorsz-g-1848-as-forradalma-ungarns-revolution-1848-hungarys-revolution-of-1848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ungarns Revo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adon 1848<\/a><br><br>Kur\u00adze Beschrei\u00adbung zur Gestal\u00adtung des Lie\u00addes:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588\">https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4588<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lied\u00adtext (drei Spra\u00adchen: HU, DE, EN) mei\u00adnes unga\u00adri\u00adschen Revo\u00adlu\u00adti\u00adons\u00adlie\u00addes von 1848 bit\u00adte:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4536\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00bb&gt; hier \u2026 <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa<\/strong> P.S.: \u00cdme egy m\u00e1sik nagyon j\u00f3 n\u00e9met \u00edr\u00e1s a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/magyarnemetintezet.hu\/de\/forschung\/der-freiheitsdrang-der-ungarn-in-politik-und-alltagsleben\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">magyarok sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00e1\u00adnak<\/a> meg\u00e9rt\u00e9\u00ads\u00e9\u00adhez.<br><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<\/strong> P.S.: Hier noch ein sehr guter deutsch-geschrie\u00adbe\u00adner Bei\u00adtrag zum <a href=\"https:\/\/magyarnemetintezet.hu\/de\/forschung\/der-freiheitsdrang-der-ungarn-in-politik-und-alltagsleben\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ver\u00adst\u00e4nd\u00adnis des Frei\u00adheits\u00adwil\u00adlen der Ungarn<\/a>.<br><br><strong>Rosa von Zehn\u00adle \u00far<\/strong><br>\u00d9jud\u00advar, 2025.04.14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/4848<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/1956-hirek.org\/4848\">https:\/\/1956-hirek.org\/4848<\/a> <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<p>Views: 73<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00edtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \u2013 A&nbsp;meg nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k egy eltor\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtott nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1t szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l, de Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g iga\u00adzi ere\u00adje vitat\u00adhat\u00adat\u00adlan. \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: Der Mythos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die unga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe \u2013 Der Hand\u00adku\u00df, der nie geschah, steht sinn\u00adbild\u00adlich f\u00fcr eine ver\u00adzerr\u00adte Erz\u00e4h\u00adlung, doch die wah\u00adre St\u00e4r\u00adke Ungarns bleibt unbestritten.&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[261,1580,4],"tags":[1373,1357,1582,997,1378,1384,188,1359,847,833,1362,1382,314,1267,1367,1365,1370,1287,68,808,1386,984,1366,1363,302,1385,1371,1383,1352,1368,1381,796,1353,1356,1355,1377,1374,1379,770,1387,827,1360,1358,1380,1364,1292,1389,1093,1390,258,1261,1375,1354,1361,1388,781,1351,949,1376,790,1369,1372],"class_list":["post-4848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-texte-zoeveg-de-hu","category-texte-in----szoeveg-itt---","category-ungarn-hu-de","tag-1373","tag-1848-as","tag-1582","tag-ajandek","tag-aufstand","tag-buch","tag-budapest","tag-dal","tag-demokracia","tag-demokratie","tag-duda","tag-dudelsack","tag-emlekezes","tag-feier","tag-felkeles","tag-forradalmarok","tag-forradalmi","tag-forradalom","tag-freiheit","tag-freiheitskampf","tag-gedenken","tag-geschenk","tag-gyasz","tag-habsburg","tag-helden","tag-heldenmut","tag-himnusz","tag-historische","tag-hosoek","tag-koenyv","tag-lied","tag-magyar","tag-marcius","tag-marcius-15","tag-martirok","tag-maertyrer","tag-maerz","tag-maerzwind","tag-musik","tag-musikstil","tag-nationalfeiertag","tag-nemzeti","tag-nepzene","tag-patriotisch","tag-pest","tag-revolution","tag-revolutionaere","tag-stilus","tag-symbol","tag-szabadsag","tag-szabadsagharc","tag-tabornok","tag-tabornokok","tag-tarogato","tag-trauer","tag-ungarisch","tag-ungarische-suchbegriffe-magyarorszag","tag-uennep","tag-volksmusik","tag-zene","tag-zenei","tag-zenekar-deutsche-suchbegriffe-ungarn"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":false,"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":false,"post_slider_layout_square_large":false,"post_slider_layout_landscape":false,"post_slider_layout_portrait":false,"post_slider_layout_square":false,"sirat-homepage-thumb":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"audioigniter_cover":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"RoZe-recherchiert","author_link":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/archive\/author\/roze-recherchiert"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa 1849: A&nbsp;k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k m\u00edtos\u00adza \u00e9s az igaz\u00ads\u00e1g a&nbsp;magyar sza\u00adbad\u00ads\u00e1g\u00adv\u00e1\u00adgy\u00adr\u00f3l \u2013 A&nbsp;meg nem t\u00f6r\u00adt\u00e9nt k\u00e9zcs\u00f3k egy eltor\u00adz\u00ed\u00adtott nar\u00adra\u00adt\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1t szim\u00adbo\u00adli\u00adz\u00e1l, de Magyar\u00ador\u00adsz\u00e1g iga\u00adzi ere\u00adje vitathatatlan. \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea 1849: Der Mythos des Hand\u00adkus\u00adses und die Wahr\u00adheit \u00fcber die unga\u00adri\u00adsche Frei\u00adheits\u00adlie\u00adbe \u2013 Der Hand\u00adku\u00df, der nie geschah, steht sinn\u00adbild\u00adlich f\u00fcr eine ver\u00adzerr\u00adte Erz\u00e4h\u00adlung, doch die wah\u00adre St\u00e4r\u00adke Ungarns bleibt unbestritten.&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4848"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5787,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions\/5787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/175er-verlag.org\/.recherchiert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}